902 



ORDER IX. SPIROCHAETALES 



gators as identical with Borrelia duttonii 

 Bergey et al. 



Habitat: Found as the cause of African 

 relapsing fever. 



15. Borrelia buccalis (Steinberg, 1862) 

 Brumjit, 1922. (Spirochaeta buccalis Stein- 

 berg, 1862, according to Hoffman and von 

 Prowazek, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 41, 

 1906, 819; Brumpt, Nouveau Traite de Mede- 

 cine, Paris, 4, 1922, 495.) 



buc.ca'lis. L. adj. buccalis buccal. 



Cells 0.4 to 0.9 by 7.0 to 20.0 microns. The 

 largest of the mouth spirochetes. Sluggishly 

 motile by means of serpentine, rotating and 

 flexuous movements. Stains with aniline 

 dyes; violet with Giemsa's stain. 



Not obtained in pure culture and probably 

 does not grow in any medium tried to date. 



Habitat: Found in normal mouths; in- 

 vades lesions formed on the respiratory 

 mucous membrane. 



16. Borrelia vincentii (Blanchard, 1906) 

 Bergey et al., 1925. {Spirochaeta vincenti 

 (sic) Blanchard, Arch. f. Protistenk., 10, 

 1906, 129; Bergey et al., Manual, 2nd ed., 

 1925, 435.) 



vin.cen'ti.i. M.L. gen. noun vincentii of 

 Vincent; named for H. Vincent, a French 

 bacteriologist. 



Cells, 0.3 by 8.0 to 12.0 microns, with 3 to 

 8 irregular, shallow spirals. Motile with a 

 rapid, progressive, vibratory motion. Stain 

 easily with the common aniline dyes. Gram- 

 negative. 



Cultivation occurs under anaerobic con- 

 ditions. Cultures may show long forms with 

 only a writhing motion. 



Not pathogenic for laboratory animals. 



Habitat: Found on normal respiratory 

 mucous membrane; associated with a fusi- 

 form bacillus {Fusobacterium fusiforme 

 Hoffman) in cases of Vincent's angina. 



Cells, 0.5 to 0.75 by 6.0 to 20.0 microns, 

 with coarse and shallow spirals. The spirals 

 are generally smoothly rounded and regular, 

 tapering towards the end into a fine projec- 

 tion. Motile with an active serpentine and 

 rotating motion with marked flexion. Stain 

 easily with the common dyes. In stained spe- 

 cimens, the spirals appear irregular. 



Cultivation is uncertain. 



Non-pathogenic. 



Source : Isolated with Treponema pallidum 

 in some cases of syphilis as originally de- 

 scribed by Schaudinn. 



Habitat: Found in genital mucous mem- 

 branes and in uncleanly states or in ne- 

 crotic lesions of the genitalia of man. 



18. Borrelia glossinae (Novy and 

 Knapp, 1906) Bergey et al., 1925. {Spirillum 

 glossinae Novy and Knapp, Jour. Inf. Dis., 

 3, 1906, 385; Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 

 1925, 435.) 



glos.si'nae. M.L. fem.n. Glossina a genus 

 of insects; M.L. gen. noun glossinae of Glos- 

 sina. 



Cells, 0.2 by 8.0 microns, occurring singly, 

 sometimes in pairs. Generally there are 4 

 spirals. Shorter, narrower and with more 

 turns than the cells of Borrelia recurrentis. 



Habitat: Found in the stomach contents 

 of the tse-tse fly {Glossina palpalis). 



19. Borrelia brasiliensis Davis, 1952. 

 (Jour, of Parasitol., 38, 1952, 473.) 



bra. si. li. en 'sis. M.L. adj. brasiliensis 

 the specific epithet of the tick vector of this 

 species, Ornithodoros brasiliensis . 



Transmitted by Ornithodoros brasiliensis. 



Pathogenicity: Characteristic relapses 

 are produced in white mice and guinea pigs. 



Source : Isolated from Ornithodoros brasil- 

 iensis from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, 

 Brazil. 



17. Borrelia refringens (Schaudinn and 

 Hoffmann, 1905) Bergey et al., 1925. {Spiro- 

 chaeta refringens Schaudinn and Hoffmann, 

 Arb. a. d. kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 22, 

 1905, 528; Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 

 1925, 436.) 



re.frin'gens. L. part. adj. refringens break- 

 ing up, refringent. 



20. Borrelia dugesii (Mazzotti, 1949) 

 Davis, comb. nov. {Spirochaeta dugesi Maz- 

 zotti, Rev. Instit. Sal. y Enferm. Trop., 10, 

 1949, 277.) 



du.ge'si.i. M.L. gen. noun dugesii the spe- 

 cific epithet of the tick vector of this species, 

 Ornithodoros dugesi. 



Transmitted by Ornithodoros dugesi. 



