FAMILY II. TREPONEMATACEAE 



905 



a. From the normal mouth cavity. 



5. Treponema tnicrodenlium. 

 aa. From mouths affected with pyorrhea alveohiris. 



6. Treponema mucosuni. 

 B. Causes pinta. 



7. Treponema caraleum. 

 II. From rabbits. 



8. Treponema cuniculi. 



1. Treponema pallidum (Schaudiim and 

 Hoffmann, 1905) Schaudinn, 1905. {Spiro- 

 chaete pallida Schaudinn and Hoffmann, 

 Arb. a. d. kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 22, 

 1905, 528; Schaudinn, Deutsche med. Woch- 

 nschr., 31, 1905, 1728.) 



pal'Ii.dum. L. adj. pallidus pale. 



Cells occur as very fine protoplasmic 

 spirals, 0.25 to 0.3 by 6.0 to 14.0 microns. 

 Spiral amplitude, 1.0 micron, regular, fixed; 

 spiral depth, 0.5 to 1.0 micron. A terminal 

 spiral filament is present. Weakly refractive 

 in the living state by dark-field illumina- 

 tion. May appear as a series of bright dots 

 or as a string of radiant beads with poor 

 dark-field illumination. Motile by means of 

 a sluggish, drifting motion; stiffly flexible, 

 rarely rotating. Stain with difficulty except 

 with Giemsa's stain by which they appear 

 pink or rose. Appear black with silver im- 

 pregnation methods. 



Cultivated with difficulty under strict 

 anaerobiosis in ascitic fluid with the addi- 

 tion of fresh rabbit kidney. 



Trypsin digestion: The cells are resistant 

 for many days. 



Bile salts (10 per cent) : Disintegration of 

 cells is complete. 



Saponin (10 per cent) : The cells are 

 broken up in time. 



Habitat: The cause of syphilis in man. 

 Can be transmitted experimentally to an- 

 thropoid apes and to rabbits. 



2. Treponema pertenue Castellani, 

 1905. (Jour. Trop. Med., <S, 1905, 253.) 



per.te'nu.e. L. adj. pertenuis very thin, 

 slender. 



Morphologically indistinguishable from 

 Treponema pallidum. 



Cultivable under anaerobic conditions 

 in the same medium used for Treponema 

 pallidum. 



Habitat: The cause of yaws, tropica fram- 

 l)esia. Patients with the disease give a posi- 

 tive Wassermann test. Transmission by flies 

 (Hippelates pallipes) in the West Indies 

 (Kumm and Kumm et al.) and by flies 

 (Musca spectanda) in Africa (Thomson and 

 Lamborn) (for references, see Hill, Bull. 

 World Health Organiz., 8, 1953, 32 and 47). 



3. Treponema calligyriim Noguchi, 

 1913. (Jour. Exp. Med., 17, 1913, 96.) 



cal.li.gy'rum. Gr. noun callus beauty; 

 Gr. adj. gyrus round; M.L. adj. calHgyrus 

 beautifully rounded. 



The cells measure 0.35 to 0.4 by 6.0 to 

 14.0 microns, averaging 9.0 to 12.0 microns. 

 The spirals are regular and deep but are 

 more rounded than those of Treponema 

 pallidum. The cells are of uniform width 

 until near the extremities, which end in 

 sharp points with delicate projections. Ac- 

 tively motile, chiefly rotating. Stain reddish 

 violet with Giemsa's stain. 



Grows under anaerobic conditions. 



Non-pathogenic for monkeys and rabbits. 



Source: Isolated from smegma. 



Habitat: Found in the lesions and mem- 

 branes of the pudenda. 



4. Treponema genitalis Noguchi, 1923. 

 (Treponema rnimdutn Noguchi, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 27, 1918, 671; not Treponema minutum 

 Dobell, Arch. f. Protistenk., 26, 1912, 151; 

 not Treponema mimdum Castellani, 1916; 

 Noguchi, Laboratory Diagnosis of Syphilis, 

 New York, 1923, 260.) 



ge.ni.ta'lis. L. adj. genitalis geniiaX. 



The cells measure 0.25 to 0.3 by 3.0 to 

 14.0 microns. The spirals are round, regular 

 and shallow. The cells are smaller, and the 

 spirals are closer together than those of 

 Treponema pallidum. Actively motile. 



Grows anaerobically and requires fresh 

 tissue. 



