FAMILY II. CHLAMYDIACEAE 



963 



Pathogenic for man, apes, monkeys, 

 guinea pigs, cotton rats, hamsters, mice 

 and chicken embrj'^os. Inapparent infections 

 may occur with the agent harbored in the 

 organs. Causes local genital lesions, septi- 

 cemia, lymphadenitis, meningitis, ophthal- 

 mitis and rarely pneumonitis in man. 



Tissue tropism: In laboratory rodents, 

 this species is infective by the intranasal 

 (pneumonitis), the intracerebral (meningi- 

 tis) and the intradermal routes. 



Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Suscep- 

 tible to the tetracycline antibiotics, to 

 chloramphenicol, to relatively high con- 

 centrations of penicillin, to the sulfona- 

 mides and to some antimony compounds. 



Source: Most commonly found in the 

 genital secretions of infected individuals or 

 in the draining lymph nodes. Also occasion- 

 ally found in blood, spinal fluid and ocular 

 secretions. 



Habitat: The etiological agent of lym- 

 phogranuloma venereum, lymphogranuloma 

 inguinale, climatic bubo, esthiomene and 

 some forms of anorectal inflammation. 



2. Miyagawanella psittaci (Lillie, 1930) 

 Moshkovskiy, 1945. {Rickettsia psittaci Lil- 

 lie, U. S. Public Health Repts., ^5, 1930, 773; 

 Microbacterium multiforme psittacosis Le- 

 vinthal,* 1st Cong. Internat. de Microbiol., 

 1, 1930, 523; Moshkovskiy, Uspekhi Soure- 

 mennoi Biologii (Russian) (Advances in 

 Modern Biology), 19, 1945, 12; Ehrlichia 

 psittaci Moshkovskiy, ibid., 19; Rickettsia- 

 formis psittacosis Zhdanov and Korenblit, 

 Jour. Microbiol., Epidemiol, and Immuno- 

 biol. (Russian), No. 9, 1950, 43; Chlamydo- 

 zoon psittaci Rj^zhkov, Voprosy Meditsin- 

 skoi Virusologii (Problems of Med. 

 Virology), Akad. Med. Nauk, S.S.S.R., 

 Moskau, 3, 1950, 17.) 



psit'ta.ci. Gr. noun psittacus a parrot; 

 M.L. gen. noun psittaci of a parrot. 



Coccoid cells resemble those of Miyaga- 

 wanella lymphogranulomatosis . 



Filterability: Partly filterable through 

 Berkefeld N, Chamberland L and Q and 

 Seitz EK filters. 



Cultivation: Same as for Miyagawanella 



lymphogranulo77iatosis, but growth occurs 

 readily in the allantoic sac without adapta- 

 tion. 



Immunology : Same as for M. lymphogranu- 

 lomatosis, but no soluble fraction has yet 

 been demonstrated. 



Toxic factor: High concentrations of this 

 agent in infected yolk sac or in j^olk in- 

 jected intravenously or intraperitoneally 

 are rapidly fatal to mice. 



Pathogenic for most birds, for man, mon- 

 keys, guinea pigs, pocket gophers, ham- 

 sters, white rats, kangaroo rats, mice, rab- 

 bits and for chicken embryos. Inapparent 

 infections may occur with the agent har- 

 bored in the organs. Causes a pneumonitis 

 of varying severity with or without septi- 

 cemia in man. 



Tissue tropism: Causes a septicemia. In 

 man this species shows predilection for the 

 respiratory tract. In laboratory rodents, it 

 is infective by the intranasal, the intraperi- 

 toneal (peritonitis and septicemia) , the intra- 

 cerebral and the intravenous routes. 



Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Suscepti- 

 ble to broad-spectrum antibiotics and to 

 relatively high concentrations of penicillin. 

 Some strains are susceptible to sulfona- 

 mides. 



Source: Found in the organs and nasal 

 secretions of infected birds and, from the 

 latter, spreads to plumage by preening and 

 other methods. Plentiful in droppings or 

 dust from infected cages. Relatively re- 

 sistant under such conditions. 



Habitat: The etiological agent of psitta- 

 cosis (parrot fever) and also of some cases 

 of atypical pneumonia. 



3. Miyagawanella ornithosis Rake, 

 1948. (Rake, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 1117; 

 Rickettsiaformis ornithosis Zhdanov and 

 Korenblit, Jour. Microbiol., Epidemiol, 

 and Immunobiol. (Russian), No. 9, 1950, 43; 

 Chlamydozoon columbi Ryzhkov, Voprosy 

 Meditsinskoi Virusologii (Problems of Med. 

 Virology), Akad. Med. Nauk, S.S.S.R., 

 Moskau, S, 1950, 17; Chlamydozoon vieningo- 

 philus Ryzhkov, loc. cit.) 



* Type species of genus Microbacterium Levinthal {op. cit., 1930, 523), which is invalid as 

 a generic name because it is a later homonym of Microbacterium Orla-Jensen, 1919 (see p. 

 600). 



