964 



ORDER I. RICKETTSIALES 



or.ni.tho'sis. Gr. noun ornis, ornithis a 

 bird; Gr. suffix -osis ending to denote a 

 disease of; M.L. gen. noun ornithosis a dis- 

 ease of birds, ornithosis. 



Coccoid cells resemble those of Miyaga- 

 wanella lymphogranulomatosis . 



Cultivation: Same as for Miyagawanella 

 psittaci. 



Immunology: Possesses one or more anti- 

 gens in common with or closely resembling 

 one or more of those present in chlamydiae 

 and in other miyagawanellae as shown by 

 a cross reaction in complement-fixation 

 tests. Sharply distinguished from other 

 miyagawanellae by toxin-antitoxin neu- 

 tralization or by neutralization of infection 

 in mice with chicken antisera. The latter 

 test, however, suggests that the agent of 

 meningopneumonitis (Francis and Magill, 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 68, 1938, 147) is this species 

 rather than something different. Immunity 

 in man or other animals is probably poor 

 except in the presence of continuing appar- 

 ent or inapparent infections. Cross reac- 

 tions suggest that Miyagawanella ornithosis 

 may be more closely related to M. lympho- 

 granulomatosis than is M. psittaci. 



Toxic factor: Same as for Miyagawanella 

 psittaci. 



Pathogenic for birds (especially non- 

 psittacine species), man, ferrets, guinea 

 pigs, hamsters, white rats, kangaroo rats, 

 mice, rabbits and for chicken embryos. In- 

 apparent infections may occur. Causes a 

 pneumonitis of varying severity with or 

 without septicemia in man. 



Tissue tropism: Causes a septicemia. In 

 birds and man, shows a predilection for the 

 lungs. In laboratory rodents, this species is 

 infective by the intranasal, intracerebral, 

 intravenous and, with relatively large in- 

 ocula of most strains, by the intraperi- 

 toneal routes. 



Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Suscep- 

 tible to many antibiotics including rela- 

 tively large doses of penicillin. Not sus- 

 ceptible to sulfonamides. 



Source: Found in the organs and nasal se- 

 cretions of finches, pheasants (including do- 

 mestic chickens), other poultry, domesti- 

 cated doves, fulmar petrels and other birds. 

 Spreads from the secretions to plumage and 

 droppings. 



Habitat: The etiological agent of orni- 

 thosis and of meningopneumonitis (Francis 

 and Magill, loc. cit.). 



4. Miyagawanella pneumoniae Rake, 

 1948. (Rake, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 1118; 

 Ehrlichia pneumoniae Krassilnikov, Guide 

 to the Bacteria and Actinomycetes, Izd. 

 Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1949, 743; 

 Rickettsiaformis pneumoniae Zhdanov and 

 Korenblit, Jour. Microbiol., Epidemiol, and 

 Immunobiol. (Russian), No. 9, 1950, 43; 

 Chlamydozoon hominis Ryzhkov, Voprosy 

 Meditsinskoi Virusologii (Prob. Med. 

 Virol.), Akad. Med. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Mos- 

 kau, 3, 1950, 17.) 



pneu.mo'ni.ae. Gr. noun pneum,onia 

 pneumonia; M.L. gen. noun pneumoniae of 

 pneumonia. 



Coccoid cells resemble those of Miyagawa- 

 nella lymphogranulomatosis but are slightly 

 smaller, measuring about 200 millimicrons 

 in diameter. 



Cultivation: Same as for Miyagawanella 

 psittaci. 



Immunology: Same as for Miyagawanella 

 psittaci. Distinct from Miyagawanella orni- 

 thosis by the neutralization test with 

 chicken antisera. 



Pathogenic for birds, man, cotton rats, 

 hamsters, white rats, kangaroo rats, mice 

 and for chicken embryos. Causes a fatal 

 pneumonitis in man. 



Tissue tropism: Same as for Miyagawa- 

 nella ornithosis. 



Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Same as 

 for Miyagawanella ornithosis. 



Source: Found in the lungs of infected hu- 

 mans. Possibly originally of avian origin. 



Habitat : The etiological agent of one type 

 of viral pneumonia. The type strain is the 

 so-called strain S-F (Eaton, Beck and Pear- 

 son, Jour. Exp., Med., 73, 1941, 641). 



5. Miyagawanella bronchopneumo- 

 niae Moshkovskiy, 1945. (Bronchopneu- 

 monie virus, Gonnert, Zent. f. Bakt., I 

 Abt., Orig., 147, 1941, 161; Moshkovskiy, 

 Uspekhi Souremennoi Biologii, 19, 1945, 19; 

 Ehrlichia bronchopneumoniae Moshkovskiy, 

 loc. cit.; Cystidium bronchopneumoniae muris 

 Ruska, Poppe and Kausche, Ztschr. f. 

 Hyg., 127, 194:7, 201 ■,Cystidiumgonnertianu7n 



