THE CAPTAIN'S REPORT 



The magnetic work was carried out between Hamburg 

 and Reykjavik, as planned, entirely clear weather being 

 present to secure good series of declination observa- 

 tions at eleven stations and horizontal-intensity and in- 

 clination observations at six stations. Only two oceano- 

 graphic stations were occupied, owing to strong winds 

 and time required in tacking against head winds. 



Surface tows were made and samples obtained at 

 five stations. The depth finder was used at forty sta- 

 tions. 



Observations of all the atmospheric-electric ele- 

 ments, with the exception of radioactive content, were 

 made whenever conditions permitted. Lack of time and 

 adverse weather prevented getting the radioactive con- 

 tent apparatus into working order. At Hamburg a stage 

 was built on the stern rail to starboard of potential 

 gradient apparatus no. 2 and the photographic potential 

 gradient recorder was mounted thereon (fig. 20); the col- 

 lector rod of the latter was remodeled so as to project 

 from the stern and to place the collector-discs out over 



the water. Some very good results were obtained with 

 this arrangement. On account of head winds, which re- 

 quired frequent running of the main engine, some of the 

 potential gradient records do not represent normal air 

 conditions, but it is felt that the present location of the 

 instrument is the most feasible one on the ship and it is 

 anticipated that reliable diurnal -variation data may now 

 be obtained regularly. Eye-reading apparatus no. 2 gave 

 trouble during the damp weather after leaving Hamburg 

 because of breakdown of the sulphur bearing-insulators; 

 these were recast at Reykjavik. 



In Hamburg Dr. Kolhorster delivered to us the pene- 

 trating radiation instrument of his own design (Giinther 

 and Tegetmeyer No. 5503), and daily intercomparisons 

 between this instrument and penetrating radiation appa- 

 ratus no. 1 were made. There are some difficulties in 

 using an instrument such as this, rigidly attached to a 

 rolling ship, and having coarse fibers widely separated 

 and in constant and irregular motion. 



REYKJAVIK, ICELAND TO BARBADOS, WEST INDIES, JULY 27 TO SEPTEMBER 16, 1928 



The Carnegie left Reykjavik at noon on July 27, 1928, 

 going out under her own power against a head wind. By 

 14h the entrance point of the bay was cleared. Heading 

 down toward Cape Farewell, good progress was made 

 for the first four days. On July 31 the winds became 

 unfavorable and on the next day they went calm and it 

 was necessary to operate the engine. By August 3 the 

 wind had sprung up from the northeast and was blowing 

 a strong breeze. When opposite Cape Farewell, course 

 was set toward Newfoundland, omitting the proposed loop 

 toward Baffin Bay in order to gain on the schedule. 



Auroral displays were seen during the nights of 

 August 3, 4, 5, and 6. High arches went completely 

 across the sky, with some streamers but very little 

 color. On August 5 an iceberg was sighted at a distance 

 of ten miles and course was changed to pass near; it 

 measured four hundred feet long and ninety-five feet 

 high. After crossing the Great Bank of Newfoundland on 

 August 6, an ocean station on the edge of the Bank with 

 130 meters of water was occupied August 7. The tem- 

 perature of the water at a depth of 52 meters was -l.°6 

 C, being llf4 C at the surface. 



For over two weeks the vessel made her way south- 

 ward (averaging about one hundred and forty miles per 

 day and heaving to for an ocean station three times per 

 week [figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24]), and entered the Gulf 

 Stream on August 8, to be greeted with much warmer 

 weather. On August 10 a gale blew from the southwest 

 for a few hours, otherwise this period up to August 23 

 was marked by fine weather and moderate breezes. 



On August 23 the region of light winds and calms, at 

 latitude 16° north, was entered. For twelve days the 

 average run was only siJity-five miles daily, with ninety- 

 seven miles as a maximum. During this time the new 

 boom walk (fig. 25) was tried out and dip nets and silk 

 townets were used from it to good advantage. Various 

 bottomsamplers were tried out under favorable condi- 

 tions; two samplers were lost because of a faulty wire. 



On August 31 in 8° north latitude, because of delay 



through calms, it was decided to change course for Bar- 

 bados. Light air and calms continued until September 

 10, when a moderate gale blew from the southwest, the 

 wind having changed i>om northeast to northwest back to 

 north-by-east, then back again through northwest to 

 southwest. This \vas undoubtedly the effect of the hurri- 

 cane which three days later was centered over the Mona 

 Island passage which wrought such serious damage 

 throughout the West Indies. 



The island of Barbados was sighted late in the after- 

 noon of September 16. After remaining hove to off the 

 south point of the island nearly all night, anchorage was 

 made in Carlisle Bay at 8h 30m on the morning of Sep- 

 tember 17, only three days behind the scheduled date of 

 arrival. 



The results obtained between Reykjavik and Barba- 

 dos include 77 declination measurements, 25 values of 

 both inclination and horizontal intensity, 22 ocean sta- 

 tions occupied, 205 sonic depth determinations, and 6 

 complete and 3 incomplete potential gradient diurnal- 

 variation series. Evaporation observations were made 

 on three days. Thus excellent series of observations 

 were made in all the various subjects. Especially valu- 

 able will be the oceanographic results which will provide 

 a cross section practically through the center of the 

 North Atlantic, between latitudes 46° and 8° north. Tem- 

 perature, salinity, density, specific volume, hydrogen- 

 ion concentration, and phosphate-content variations from 

 the surface down to a minimum of 2000 meters and a 

 maximum of 5500 meters were determined. Plankton 

 tows were made at the surface, 60, and 120 meters with 

 silk townets, and the Pettersson plankton pump was op- 

 erated at the same depths at all ocean stations. 



Thus the first long passage of the cruise was com- 

 pleted in a satisfactory manner. The members of the 

 party stood up well under the trying and strenuous con- 

 ditions attending such a period. The equipment stood up 

 well, with the few exceptions noted separately. 



