62 



WORK OF THE CARNEGIE AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE SCIENTIFIC CRUISES 



One watch officer and four seamen stand watch 

 alternately with the other watch officer and four seamen, 

 each watch thus being on duty a total of twelve hours out 

 of every twenty-four. During daylight hours only one 

 man, the helmsman, is continuously occupied with the 

 sailing of the ship and the others usually are free for 

 various kinds of work, such as assisting on ocean sta- 

 tions, repairing sails, cleaning decks, etc. At night the 

 watch officer is stationed on the quarter-deck, a sailor 

 is on lookout on the bridge, and in foggy weather or under 

 certain other conditions, a second sailor on the forecastle 

 head. The helmsman and lookouts are relieved every 

 two hours. Under bad sailing conditions the captain and 

 first officer alternate on watch. 



The discussion of living quarters has shown that the 

 number of men on board corresponds exactly to the num- 

 ber of bunks. In the crew's quarters it would be virtual- 

 ly impossible to provide additional bunks, whereas in 

 the cabin an additional room could be provided. 



The Work of the Carnegie 

 The scientific work of the present cruise is as follows: 



1. Navigation 



2. Terrestrial magnetism 



Declination 



Intensity 



Inclination 



3. Atmospheric electricity 



Penetrating radiation 

 Conductivity 

 Radioactivity 

 Nuclei concentration 

 Small-ion concentration 

 Potential gradient 



4. Meteorology 



Temperature (continuous air and water) 



Atmospheric pressure 



Humidity 



Precipitation 



Evaporation 



Air currents (by balloons) 



5. Oceanography 



Depth (sonic) 

 Temperature 

 Salinity (by conductivity and, occasionally, by 



chlorinity) 

 Oxygen 

 Hydrogen ions 

 Phosphate 

 Silica 



Plankton (collection of samples only) 

 Bottom samples (collection only) 

 Currents (from temperature and salinity) 



Below are given two tables, the first showing the 

 various duties of the different workers; and the second 



Table 1. Duties of scientific staff 



Name 



Duties 



Work room 

 or laboratory 



Hours 

 per day 



Total hours 

 per day 



iL. A. Jones was replaced by S. L. Seaton; ^O. W. Torreson was replaced by S. E. Forbush; and 

 3h. R. Seiwell was replaced by H. W. Graham at San Francisco, September 1929. 



