1 8 Observations on Cynipidae. 



Parasites. Torymus abdominalts , T. incoius, T. regius, and 

 T. auratus in May and June. Eitjytoma rosae and Pieromalus itnmacu- 

 latus in July. Tetrastichus ati-ocaeruleus, Eupelmus annulaius, and 

 according to Barrett the Tortrix, Zeiraphera conununana.~\ 



2. Neuroterus laeviiisculus. Schenck\ 



Gall. Cup-shaped; the edges thinned and incurved ; 

 in the centre there is a small but distinct boss sur- 

 rounded by a circle of brownish hairs ; diameter 

 2-3 mm. The form of the gall is often irregular, the 

 rim bent ; colour pale or reddish. The gall appears in 

 July and matures in September. (Fig. 2 1) 



Rearing the Fly. When the mature gall falls from 

 the leaf, its under surface will be found to be distinctly 

 swollen. In order to observe the development of the 

 flies indoors the galls must be kept on damp sand. 

 Their progress may be forced, and in a room they will 

 emerge in November, but in the natural course they do 

 not appear until March of the following year. The 

 earliest date on which I have found them in the open 

 air was March 9. 



Fly. Size, 2-4 mm. ; black ; thorax smooth and 

 shining ; abdomen much compressed, elongate ; legs 

 distinctly paler, white or yellowish, coxae and base of 

 femora dark. 



Experimental breeding. I have made experiments 

 in breeding with Neuroterus laeviusculus in the same 



\} Neuroterus pczizaeformis, Schtdl.] 



^ This gall is frequently confused with that of Neuroterus ftimi- 

 pennis. I myself made this mistake, and in my earlier publications 

 these two names must therefore be transposed, but the facts remain 

 unaffected. 



