3© Observations on Cynipidae. 



and the presence of more or less deformity and swell- 

 ing. A section through the parts exhibits little larva 

 cells lying in the swelling. From my first experiments 

 in breeding in 1875 I obtained undeniable evidence 

 that those galls which had hitherto been described as 

 belonging to Andricus noduli were produced by 

 Aphilotrix radicis. In the following year I repeated 

 the same experiment with the like success ; indeed this 

 species commends itself to the experimentalist, for 

 with it failure hardly ever occurs. 



As a. rule A 7tdricus nodu/t galls lie within the shoot, 

 but occasionally they are found in the petiole, because, 

 as I have already observed, the eggs of Aphilotrix radicis 

 sometimes come to lie within the range of the rudi- 

 mentary leaves. It is worthy of remark that occasion- 

 ally specimens of Aphilotrix radicis appear very late, 

 at the end of May or the beginning of June. By this 

 time the buds have expanded before they are pricked 

 by the flies, consequently a large quantity of eggs are 

 laid in the same shoot, giving it the appearance after- 

 w^ards of being perfectly covered with little noduli galls. 

 From such a distorted shoot, scarcely an inch long, 

 sometimes as many as 200 flies will emerge. It is 

 hardly possible that so large a number of eggs could 

 have been laid in an unexpanded bud. 



[The trufiSe gall occurs in September on Quercus sessiliflora, 

 Q. pediinculata and Q. pubescens. 



Inquiline. Synergus incrassatus which forms larva chambers around 

 the gall maker. 



Parasites. Torynnis nobilis, T. crucartmt, T. anioenus, T. radicis, 

 Pteromalus querciniis, Tetrasiichus querciis, Eurytoma rosae.^ 



