34 Observations on Cynipidae. 



About May the larva was fully developed, and the 

 gall, which had finished its growth, had become woody. 



In the course of the summer each lar\'a passes into 

 the pupa state ; in the autumn the perfect flies are 

 found, but they pass the winter within the galls, and 

 only emerge in April of the next year. 



It is remarkable that two years are required for the 

 completion of this generation cycle. A certain pro- 

 portion of the Aphilotrix radicis generation emerges in 

 April of the first year, and the remainder in April of the 

 second year ; in the interval we have the sexual 

 generation and the prolonged larval stage oi Aphilotrix 

 radicis itself. 



[The knot gall is found in June on Q. pedimculata, Q. sessilijlora, 

 and Q. pubescens. 



Inquilines. Ceroptres araior in May and June of the second year: 

 Sapholytus connatus, Synergiis apicalis in May and June of second 

 year : S. vulgaris. 



Parasites. Megastigynus dorsalis and Pteromalus quercinus. This 

 gall is often found on Lammas shoots.] 



6. Aphilotrix Sieboldi. Htg.^ 



Gall. The galls are usually thickly aggregated on 

 slender oak twigs, or on young trees, most frequently 

 close to the ground. They are conical, and when fresh 

 are covered with a beautiful cherry-red rind. They are 

 found thus in June, but in the autumn when the galls 

 are mature, the sappy outer rind dries, withers and 

 drops off. Then the woody inner gall appears, like 

 a firm cone, with regularly formed ridges running from 



\} Cynips Sieboldi, Htg. C. corticalis, Schenck. Andricus Sieboldi^ 

 Mayr.] 



