CH. l] 



THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA 



15 



marine organisms, and that means are being, or have been, devised 

 for their estimation ; by no possibility an easy matter since all are 

 present in small quantity and some are in very minute proportions 

 indeed. Then I need only refer to other physical investigations 

 relating to the problems of the sea, such as the relation of the 

 viscosity of sea water to the movements of minute organisms, or 

 to investigation of the physical nature of the deposits forming the 

 sea floor in relation to the thermal reactions of the former. 



Fig. 5. Sketch Chart of the International Fishery Investigation area shewing the 

 division of the observations between the various countries, D, Denmark ; 

 E, England ; F, Finland ; G, Germany ; H, Holland ; /, Ireland ; xV, Norway ; 

 R, Russia; S, Scotland; Su\, Sweden. 



Salinity and temperature, these are the properties by a 

 consideration of which it has been possible to trace the movements 

 of large masses of sea water in the area of the Xorth European 

 seas. But direct estimations of the direction and rate of these 

 movements are also possible and have indeed been made. Surface 

 and bottom floats have been employed in order to ascertain the 

 flow, the former by many investigators but notably on a large 

 scale by the Prince of Monaco^ : and the latter first successfully 

 ^ See the Campagnes Scientifiques. 



