19 
— 0.89. Bøggild: Transition clay, in moist condition: brownish clay-sand, in dry 
condition: light brownish, fairly coherent. 8.75 /, Ca CO. 
The bottom-sample contained 0.85 %/, carbon. 
Station 112, 67? 57” N.L., 69 44" W.L,, depth 1267 fm. Bottom-temp. 
— 1.1?. Bøggild: Globigerina clay, in moist condition: light-brown, sandy clay, 
in dry condition: very light-brown, very coherent. 46.32 %/, Ca CO,. 
The bottom-sample contained 0.42 /, carbon and 0.0414 "/, nitrogen. Quo- 
tient — — 10.2. 
Station 116. 70? 05” N.L., 8? 26” W.L., depth 371 fm: Bottom-temp. 
— 0.40, "Bøggild : Transition clay, in moist condition: dark brown-gray, sandy 
clay, in dry condition: light brown gray, fairly coherent. 9.60 /, Ca CO, 
The bottom-sample contained 0.718 ?/, carbon. 
Lastly, one station situated between Iceland and Greenland was investi- 
gated and is remarkable for its extraordinarily high percentage of lime. 
Station 90. 64? 45” N. L., 299 06” W. L., depth 568 fm.  Bottom-temp. 
4.4%.. Bøggild: Globigerina clay, in moist condition: light gray-brown, clay-sand, 
in dry condition: brownish white, fairly coherent. 57.00 %, Ca CO. 
The bottom-sample contained 0.48 %/, carbon. 
6. Conditions for the deposition of organic matter on the bottom of the 
sea. The object with the carbon analyses mentioned above is twofold. On the 
one hand, the numbers are to be used to throw light on the organic material 
contained in the bottom-soil. This factor, as will be shown later, plays an impor- 
tant role in the animal life on the sea-bottom. Further, the data are also to be 
used to throw light on the conditions, under which the organic matter is deposited 
on the sea-bottom, and especially where it originates from. 
The first question we shall endeavour to answer is, therefore, under what 
conditions the organic matter is deposited. The materials deposited by the sea 
are sorted out before deposition, so that the heaviest materials are precipitated in 
waters most in motion, and the lightest at the still places. The organic materials 
belong to the last group all the more the more finely divided they are. The 
specific gravity approximates very much to that of the water. We may say 
therefore, briefly, that the organic materials with regard to their deposition follow 
the clay particles. 
This is. distinctly seen also from several of the above analyses. The 
bottom consists of almost pure sand, so far as is known, over large stretches of 
the shallow North Sea, where the water is almost always in motion. The clay 
particles are only present in very small quantity and the same is the case with 
the organic matter, as analysis shows. Only 0,35 /, carbon was found. In the 
Kattegat, as Chart III in the atlas of the »Hauchs Togter« shows, the bottom 
is somewhat different. Down to a depth of 15—20 meters the bottom consists of 
sand, from a depth of ca. 20 down to a depth of ca. 30 meters we meet with the 
so-called mixed bottom with varying quantities of sand and clay, and it is only 
outside a depth of 30—35 meters that we find pure clay deposits, the so-called 
blue clay.  Determinations of the quantity of organic matter on sand bottom 
and the mixed bottom are not available. But several analyses have been made of 
