55 
in the Limfjord. One of these differences consists in the large mass of Echino- 
derms, which is found outside the fjords. The numbers of Ophioglypha are 
certainly large in the Limfjord, but even though they belong to the species O. 
texturata, the numbers are yet so small that their rough weight at several places 
is less than that of the comparatively rare Asterias rubens. In Nissum Bredning 
Echimocardium cordatum occurs in large quantity; this region forms a transition to 
what we meet with outside the fjords. On the areas investigated in the Lim- 
fjord the remaining Echinoderms are essentially of no importance; the result 
would certainly have been different if the Zostera belt had been included in the 
investigations, as Echinus miliaris among others is common there. In Thisted 
Bredning the rough weight of the Echinoderms only amounts to a few per cent. 
of the whole rough weight, in Kaas Bredning somewhat similar, im Nissum Bred- 
ning on the other hand, the rough weight of the Echinoderms amounts to more 
than half of the whole animal life present. I may just recall here, that in the 
sample from the North Sea (Table VI) just off Nissum Bredning, the Echinoderms 
there, Ophioglypha, Echinocardium and AÅsterias, the same three which are so 
common in Nissum Bredning, amount to almost '/,ths of the total present (alcohol 
weight). It was here Åsterias which lived well at the expense of the numerous 
Mactra subtruncata, as evidenced by the numerous empty, hut still connected shells 
of this Molluse. We may hope that the conditions are not so unequal everywhere 
in the North Sea. In the northern part of the Sound and W. N. W. of Kullen 
we investigated 3 localities in deep water (Table VI); they show a quantity of 
Echinoderms whose alcohol weight is approximately equal to or more than half 
of the total animal life; here Echunocardium, Eclanus drøbachiensis and Psolus 
phantapus as also various Ophiuroids especially are abundant. I remember distinctly, 
that during the time I was making collections onboard the Gunboat »Hauch« in 
the Kattegat, the Echimoderms at many localities in deep water in the Kattegat 
were the animals which filled the most; I was thus obliged to learn how to 
distinguish the species of this group, so that I could note their occurrence in the 
journals and then throw them overboard; to keep them all in bottles as I did with 
the smaller species of animals was quite impossible. There is no doubt, that 
Echinoderms both in volume and weight are exceedingly abundant at many loca- 
lities in the deep Kattegat, in the Belt Sea at Samsø and in the northern and deep 
parts of the Sound. In the fjords and in the shallow water outside them, on the 
other hand, they are as a rule of much less importance in comparison with the 
remaining animal life present. 
A second difference which appears from our investigations is the great 
masses of large Lamellibranchs and large gastropods, which are found in 
almost the same localities as the large Echinoderms. I may mention Cyprina 
islandica, Macoma calcarea, Mytilus modiolus, Pecten pes lutrae and Aporrhais pes 
pelecani.… Neptunea antiqua and Buccinum undatum are only mentioned a few 
times in the Tables, yet also belong to the characteristic forms of these regions. 
Taken on the whole, we have only to cast a glance at the large collections made 
with the bottom-sampler in the deeper parts of the Kattegåt and the nothern Belt 
Sea, to be struck by the quantity of large Echinoderms and large Lamellibranchs, 
which occur there. Collections m shallow water and especially in certain regions 
