THE SEA FISHERIES OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 89 
* mostly a tough red clay, but with spots of mud, sand, gravel, and pebbles 
on some parts. The tide sets out and in the Bay of Fundy about SW. 
and NE., but is not so strong as might be expected. Cod, hake, cusk, 
and haddock are the fish which are chiefly taken, but a few halibut and 
pollock are occasionally caught. The fishing season is from April to 
October, although fish are usually the most abundantinthespring. This 
bank is resorted to chiefly by vessels from the coast of Maine, but is 
sometimes visited by the Massachusetts fishermen. 
MARBLEHEAD BANK. 
This fishing-ground, which is quite an important one for the shore 
cod-fishermen, is not laid down on the charts. Therefore the fishermen 
who visit it are probably the only persons familiar with its location, or 
who are able to estimate its extent. , The ground which they call Mar- 
blehead Bank is situated between Grand Manan and German Banks, 
the shoal water bearing SSE. from Mooseabece light, a distance of 32 
miles. It is about 12 to 15 miles long and 7 or 8 miles wide, and lies be- 
tween 44° 00’ and 44° 10’ N. latitude and 66° 58’ to 67° 13’ W. longi- 
tude. There is from 35 to 70 fathoms of water, and the bottom is mostly 
clay and gravel. The fish that occur in the greatest numbers are cod, 
pollock, and haddock, but with these are more or less hake and cusk. 
The best fishing is generally in the spring and early summer. The same 
class of vessels—shore fishermen—as frequent Grand Manan and German 
Banks also resort to this, but occasionally those of a larger size make 
one or more trips during the summer season. 

GRAND MANAN BANK. 
Grand Manan Bank lies at the entrance of the Bay of Fundy, and 
bears SW. $58. from the southwest head of Grand Manan Island, from 
which the northern part of the bank is 15 miles distant. It is 10 miles 
long and 5 miles wide, and lies ina SW. and NE. direction. The bot- 
tom is mostly stones and gravel, and the depth of water varies from 24 
to 45 fathoms. The tides are quite strong, but not enough so to 
prevent trawling. Cod and pollock are the principal fish, eusk, hake, 
haddock, and halibut being less plenty: The fishing season is from 
April to October, when the fish come on the bank to feed. Inthe spring 
the fish are usually the most plentiful on the southwest part, but later 
_ in the season the best fishing is generally obtained on the other end of 
the ground. It is a favorite fishing-ground for the class of small vessels 
commonly known as shore-fishermen. 
SEAL ISLAND GROUND. 
Off the western part of Nova Scotia there is an important fishing lo- 
cality known to the fishermen as the “Seal Island Ground,” although 
no name is given on the charts. This may not, perhaps, be called a 
