THE SEA FISHERIES OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 107 
- The next to be considered are the,open boats, of which there are a 
great many kinds, a few only of which, the more notable forms, can be 
mentioned here. 
The sharp-stern fishing-boat is more universally used in the coast 
fisheries than any other, and to show how widely these are distributed 
along the coast it is only necessary to mention that the boats of Block 
Island and No Man’s Land, the “ five-hauded” boat of Cape Cod and 
the coast of Maine, and the “‘ quoddy” boat of Eastport, belong to this 
class. 
One of the most peculiar fishing-boats on the coast is the cutter-rigged 
sloop, used exclusively by the Irish fishermen of Boston. These are 
said to resemble the fishing-boats of Ireland, and are generally called 
“Dungarvan boats” by other fishermen. The length varies considera- 
bly, the average being about 30 feet on top. They have a reasonably 
sharp but rounding bow, square stern, with the rudder hung outside ; 
are deep in proportion to their length, with a wide stem and deep keel. 
They are said to be excellent sea-boats. The forward part is decked 
over, thus forming a cuddy where the crew eat and sleep. There is a 
cockpit aft, with a seat around it.. The midship section is partially cov- 
ered on each side. In the bottom of this is placed the ballast, on top 
of which the fish, gear, &c., are stowed. The bowsprit is adjustable, 
and two jibs are carried, one being set on a stay, the lower end of which 
fastens to the stem. In other respects they do not differ materially in 
rig from other sloops. In spring, summer, and fall these boats are em- 
ployed in the cunner, haddock, and other fisheries for Boston market, 
the catch being chiefly sold fresh. In autumn most of them engage in 
the herring fishery with gill-nets at Cape Ann and other points in Mas- 
sachusetts Bay. : 
The dory, which is so well adapted to the deep-sea fisheries, and is 
quite indispensable to our bank fishermen, originated during the latter 
part of the last century in Salisbury, Mass. This boat was originally 
designed for a lighter, and for many years was searcely used for any 
purpose besides that of removing the cargoes from vessels at Newbury- 
port. It was, however, employed to some extent in the fisheries early in 
the present century, and since the introduction of ‘trawl fishing it has 
come into general use. The thwarts are adjustable, and, when these are 
removed, several dories may be ‘‘nested” inside of each other, the 
whole occupying the same space as one boat, and for this reason they 
are much better adapted for stowage on the deck of a vessel than any 
other style of boat. In addition to this, they are excellent boats in a 
rough sea, are capacious, light to handle, and also cheap; therefore 
it follows, as a matter of course, that they are extensively used in most 
of the important fisheries, among which may especially be mentioned 
the bank cod and halibut fishery and the mackerel fishery (each vessel 
with a purse-seine usually carries two dories). Large numbers are also 
employed on the haddock vessels, the shore fishing fleet, and in the boat 
