always used fresh, and it is only in the case of extreme scarcity of fresh 
bait that salted herring are used. ; 
“7 remember now another fish which they use in the northwestern — 
parts, viz, the Ammodytes lancea. These as well as the young herring 
are used whole, i. ¢., the whole little fish on a hook. 
“ROBERT COLLETT. 
ar7 93 
‘ CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY, October 4, 1577. 
114 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
The winter fishing on George’s Bank is entirely by hand-lines, the 
weather being too inclement to permit the use of the trawl. At the 
Lofoden Islands, 24 lines, each with 120 hooks, are usually fastened 
together into one, thus carrying 2,850 hooks, although sometimes, in 
particular localities, where the nature of the bottom requires it, a 
much shorter length is employed. As in England, the short lines, 
or snoods, are between 6 and 7 feet apart. Here, however, the lines 
are shot in the afternoon, remaining down all night and taken up the 
next morning. No line can be put down before noon, nor can it remain 
down after midday. * 
Very often a glass ball, the size and shape of an egg, is fastened about 
a foot from the hook, so as to buoy the bait a few feet from the bottom 
and make it more easily observed by the fish. 
The usual yield of along-line, with the number of hooks given above, 
is 240 to 360 fish per day, and it is readily managed by two persons, 
while a hand-line, worked by one person, rarely takes more than 50 per 
day, thus showing a marked difference in favor of the trawl. Very fre- 
quently the long-line, instead of being kept down for a period of twelve 
hours or longer, is overhauled much more frequently, especially in ¢om- | 
paratively shoal water, where the line is no sooner fairly down than it 
is again overhauled and rebaited. 
Various modifications as to the size and bait of trawl-lines are found 
in other countries ; but what we have already stated will furnish a suf- 
ficient idea of the general character and applications of this important 
item of fishing apparatus. 
As already stated, very grave complaints have been made against the 
long or trawl line in the United States, and legislation or mutual con- 
sent invoked either for its entire abolishment or its restricted use under 
certain specified conditions. 
The advantages of this method will readily be understood, as consist- 
ing in the much greater efficiency and the much larger yield of fish taken 
by the same force of men; as also in the fact of the more continued ex- 
posure of the bait, in consequence of which fish that are deterred from 
biting at the hand-line in its incessant motion, or only kept down dur- 
ing the convenience of the fisherman, are more tempted by the bait on 
the long-line, which is much more quiet and remains on the ground some- 
times for a number of hours. 



+9 piate, Des Paches de la Wont ELC | Panik, 1867. Hf. B., Die Fischerei Industrie 
Norwéges, Bergen, 1873. 
