THE SEA FISHERIES OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 143 
Mackerel : 
eee ree HeMEROIING SB) 28 22a 25h oh bess tees es eLis. des s cain anal) BRO TID 
BOPP AUTOLO UNOS y Yo cat aie bia h ena sfaoaler soc ucreh sistu wad ovcede nese 184, 780 
UT IR ELAR CRE WERE Sa Tigi oi aa het eer aR 174, 104 
EEO NG NES OCS ees Gack oe ete noaseas Eee See go Sa cue eee 24, 205 
Pickled fish, 31, 750 herring... ne Do Reo Stet heii iin e paler rhe eA eee 13, 494 
163 barrels cod, 404 barrels svord Galt Seas Dae E ROO CU, A SHES a Rene Meee ee 1, 097 
410% barrels trout, 753 barrels fins and napes ......-.-. ..---..--...--..- 4, 042 
21% barrels salmon, 205 barrels tongues and sounds...-.....---..--..--.-- 2, 282 
PIII RIMS OUG) ae a alepeca Ate Se ie soe ote voce ctac Gnas ola ata een 10, 000 
you GOBS MANUTE.....-..-.........-- Sd Soo. GeaeMoubiga cuss Anas LS: 20, 000 
EMME e enya ae aa et lan eS ecaa ta es ocala ee tous aE aie 8, 000 
REEeH aT ADOVO. 55. 2 o.isb doe ciel ote seb eh 100, 000 

4, 059, 500 
EEL: Oh APPLICATIONS OF THE PRODUCTS OF 
THE FISHERIES. 
The inhabitants of the sea which occupy a more or less direct rela- 
tion to man in their economical application are usually classed by the 
common name of fish, the term fisheries being applied to the methods of 
their capture. This, however, is to a certain extent a misnomer, as in 
addition to what are properly known as fish we have to consider the 
cetaceans, such as the whales and porpoises; the crustaceans, as the 
crabs, lobsters, and shrimps; the mollusks or shell-fish, such as the 
clams, oysters, and the like; the corals, sponges, and many other forms 
of animal life. 
The uses to which the various marine animals are put are very vari- 
ous, although by far the most important application is in the way of 
food for man, and to some extent for the lower animals. 
The objects of the fisheries and the applications of the animals of the 
sea when caught may be considered under the following heads: 
(1) Food.—Yor the direct use by man himself; and, second, as bait 
for the prosecution of the fisheries. 
(2) Oil.—For food or medicine ; for illumination; for use in the arts, 
as in the manufacture of soap, the dressing of leather, &e. 
(3) Manure.—Applied in a fresh state directly to the soil; as dried 
and subjected to chemical manipulation and combination ai other 
substances. 
(4) Utility and ornament.—A systematic account of all the uses in 
their minutest detail to which the inhabitants of the sea are put by man 
would go far beyond the limits of the present article, and it is possible 
but briefly to refer to some of the more important, concentrating atten- 
tion hereafter upon those which bear most closely upon the subject of 
the value of the fisheries in the United States and the Dominion of 
Canada. 
For the present it is necessary to leave out the consideration of the 
cetaceans and other marine mammals, as well as the corals and sponges, 
