THE SEA FISHERIES OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 209 
fish ; but I would prefér a live fish. I am pretty sure, however, that these fish are 
quite ready to be saved the trouble of taking their prey. It is on precisely the same 
principle that bait-fish, such as capelin and herring, are placed on hooks and cast over 
board to catch the same fish, which follow and eat them in the natural way. I think 
this may be inferred from that. 
Q. You have something to do with the “Annual Record of Science and Industry, I 
believe ?—A. Something—yes. 
Q. Do you agree with the language used in an article contained on page 473 of this 
journal for 1872?—A. I did not write that, but I published it. 
Q. Have you in any article stated that you dissent from it?—A. No. It is not my 
business to do so. That article merely reflects the opinion of the writer. I would be 
very sorry to believe one-half of what I publish in that periodical; but it expresses 
the progress of belief and science, and I take it accordingly. 
Q. Itis a matter of speculation whether dead fish are eaten, as you say, by preda- 
ceous fishes; this is mere theory ?—A. I have no doubt that they are so eaten. 
By Mr. WHITEWAY: : 
Q. You have stated that the largest quantity of codfish taken in the shortest possi- 
ble time was in the vicinity of the Lofoden Islands ?—A. Yes. 
Q. You said that something like 25,000,000 were taken by 12,000 people ?—A. Yes. 
Q. In a very short time—in the course of three months?—-A. Yes; and in a very 
small space. 
Q. Where did you get your statistics from ?—A. From a report of the Norwegian 
Government. 
Q. For what year ?—A. 1868, I think. 
Q. Whose report was it ?—A. It is an extremely hard jaw-breaking title; it is an 
abstract, prepared by Hermann Baars, of Bergen, Norway. It wasan article prepared 
by him for presentation at the Paris Exhibition. 
Q. You have not seen reports published since that time ?—A. Oh, yes; Lhave them 
much later. 
Q. Did these later statistics correspond with the former as regards the quantity ?— 
A. I know that the capture of cod in Lofoden Islands in 1876 amounted to 21,000,000 
or 22,000,000; I have the figures here. 
Q. Are you aware what quantity of codfish is caught on the coast of Newfound- 
jand?—A. No. I have been earnestly trying to get the statistics of Newfoundland in 
this respect, but I have not been able to obtain them as yet. I hope you will send 
them to me. 
Q. You are not aware whether it is an inshore or deep-sea fishery on that island?— 
A. No. I know nothing about it. 
Q. You say that fish are dried and used as food for cattle in these islands and in 
Norway ?—A. Yes. 
Q. What sort of cattle use it ?—A. Horses, oxen, and cows; they eat it with great 
avidity. 
Q. What portion do they make use of ?—A. Any part, but more generally the heads, 
which are offal; they make most admirable nutriment. 
Q. You say that a great many nations dress very largely in the skins of cod and 
salmon ?—A. Yes. 
Q. Will you kindly tell me what nations these are?—A. They are Tchuktchi, the 
Aleutian Islanders, the Norton Sound Esquimaux, other natives of Alaska, and a few 
others. 
Q. You say, further, that the most extensive resorts of cod are the Grand Bank and 
George’s Bank; can you tell me the quantity of fish taken on these banks?—A. No; 
I have not made any investigation or tabulation in this regard. 
Q. Then you really base that opinion upon no data?—A. I merely base it on my 
general impression on that subject. I merely speak of these as being the most prom- 
inent particular banks and localities which the cod frequent. In speaking of the 
8. Mis. 90 14. 

