[7] FLOUNDERS AND SOLES Zot 
g. Lateral line simple (without accessory dorsal branch); teeth sharp, 
those of lower jaw uniserial; dorsal beginning above eye. 
h. Teeth in the upper jaw biserial. 
i. Scales comparatively large, thin, and deciduous (lateral line 70) ; body 
slender, the flesh soft; vertebree (ewilis) 11+34—45. 
LYOPSETTA, 4. 
ii. Scales small and adherent (lateral line 96); body robust, the flesh 
firm ; vertebrae (jordani) 114+32—43......-....-.-.EOPSETTA, 5. 
hh. Teeth in the upper jaw uniserial ; scales small and flesh firm ; vertebrz 
(platessoides) (V3) 3245 Vela ecas ceecoes HIPPOGLOSSOIDES, 6. 
gg. Lateral line with an accessory dorsal branch; vertebre 40 to 42; scales 
small, firm, ctenoid; dorsal fin beginning before the eye; teeth 
sharp, unequal, some of them canine-like; mouth not large; 
lower pharyngeal teeth sharp, uniserial; vertebrie (melanostictus) 
AD Gee A iret a Ok er ae ceed arts tesalionaha in’ wtelers aie PSETTICHTHYS, 7. 
ff. Lateral line with a strong arch in front; no accessory branch; vertebre in 
smaller number (35 to 41); teeth uniserial; anal spine usually 
obsolete ; body normally sinistrai.* (Species chiefly of the tem- 
perate or sub-tropical seas, none of them Arctic and none Euro- 
pean.) (Genera allied to Paralichthys. ) 
k. Dorsal fin beginning above the pupil; gill-rakers short and thick; teeth 
rather small; no canines; body indifferently dextral or sinis- 
tral (in some species at least). 
Ie Scales cheno: s2eaue suse a fos taal stele as oc6 cess EEPPOGHOSSINA. Cs 
ll. Seales cycloid ; caudal fin subsessile, the caudal peduncle extremely 
short; skin of shoulder-girdle with patches of cup-shaped scales ; 
vertebraa (liolepis) 124-25==37 ......-...-.------ XYSTREURYS, 9. 
kk. Dorsal fin beginning in advance of eye. 
m. Scales weakly ciliated; caudal fin with a distinct peduncle; teeth unequal, 
some of the anterior canine-like; gill-rakers rather long and 
slender; vertebrx, 35 to 41 ...-..-.-:...---. PARALICHTHYS, 10. 
mm. Scales very strongly ctenoid on both sides of body; mouth small- 
ish, with small, sharp teeth; anterior rays of dorsal notably ex- 
serted, the rays of the anterior part of the fin longer than some 
of those further back, thus forming a more or less distinct lobe ; 
gill membranes considerably united; gill-rakers short and broad; 
caudal peduncle short; left ventral produced; vertebra (quadro- 
Géllatay iste 26 = 3h) -ea ees sana eee eens ANCYLOPSETTA, 11, 
Subfamily II.—PLEURONECTINZ. 
(Large-mouthed flounders, with the ventral fins unsymmetrical. ) 
Mouth symmetrical, the dentition nearly equally developed on both 
sides ; gape usually wide (narrow in Platophrys, Etropus, etc.), the max- 
illary commonly more than one-third length of head. Lower pharyn- 
geals narrow, each with one or more rows or a narrow band of small, 
sharp teeth; teeth in jaws acute. Eyes not minute; pectorals and ven- 
trals usually well developed. Edge of preopercle free. Ventral fins 
dissimilar in form or in position, that of the left or eyed side inserted 
on the ridge of the abdomen, its base extended along this ridge, its rays 
more or less wide apart. Caudal fin rounded or subtruncate ; no ac- 


*Dextral in some species of Hippoglossina; occasionally dextral in some species of 
Paralichthys and Xystreurys. 
