[19] FLOUNDERS AND SOLES. 243 
most indifferently dextral or sinistral. The lately-described Hippoglos- 
sina punctatissima Steindachner, from Japan, seems to belong to Xyst- 
reurys. 
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF XYSTREURYS. 
a. Body broadly elliptical; mouth small; maxillary reaching pupil, 23 in head; eyes 
large, 44 in head, separated by a very narrow, blunt, scaly ridge; teeth small, con- 
ical, blunt, uniserial, those below subequal, those above larger in front. Gill- 
rakers very short, broad, weak, 2-7. Scales small, cycloid, with many accessory 
scales. Skin of shoulder girdle and gill arches with cup-shaped, tubercular scales. 
~ Dorsal inserted above pupil; no anal spine. Pectoral of eyed side faleate, varying 
much in length, usually much longer than head; anterior nostril of blind side with 
a short flap. Head 34, depth 12; D. 80; A. 62; Lat. 1.123; vertebra 12 4-25 = 37 
Olive-brown, mottled with darker, sometimes with very distinct round black 
blotches or ocelli; pectoral of colored side barred...-...-.-.-........LIOLEPIS. 11. 
11. XYSTREURYS LIOLEPIS. 
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, p. 34 (Santa 
Barbara). Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1880, p. 454 (Santa Barbara ; 
San Pedro). Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, p. 66 (Santa Barbara). 
Paralichthys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., p. 825, 1882. 
This species is rather common on the coast of California, from Point 
Concepcion southward. It is a very variable species, the coloration and 
the length of the pectoral fins having a wide range of variation. 
Genus X.—PARALICHTHYS. 
Paralichthys Girard, U. 8. Pac. R. R. Surv., Fish., 1859, 146 (maculosus = californi- 
cus). 
Pseudorhombus Bleeker, Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci. Amsterd., xiii, 1862, notice 
sur quelques genres de la famille des Pleuronectide, 5 (polyspilos). 
Uropsetta Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 330 (californicus = maculosus). 
Chenopsetta Gill, Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 218 (oceliaris = dentatus). 
TYPE: Pleuronectes maculosus Girard= = Hippoglossus Be es nivus 
Ayres. 
This genus, as now restricted, contains a considerable number of 
species, inhabiting both coasts of America and the eastern and south- 
ern coasts of Asia. As indicated by the reduced number of vertebra, 
the species range further southward than do those.of the type of Hi ip- 
poglossoides. 
The name Pseudorhombus has been often used for this genus by Eu- 
ropean writers, but the preferable name of Paralichthys has clear priority. 
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF PARALICHTHYS. 
a, Gill-rakers in large number, about 9 + 20, as long as the eye and very slender; 
body elongate, rather robust ; head small, 32 to 4} in length; maxil- 
lary about as long as pectoral and about half length of head; depth 
of body 2} to 2} in length; caudal peduncle very long; interorbital 
space flattish, its width less than vertical diameter of eye; scales 
moderate, somewhat ciliated, about 100 pores in the lateral line; arch 
of lateral line 3} in straight part; dorsal rays 67 to 71; anal rays 51 
to 57; vertebra 10 + 25=35; color grayish brown, uniform, or mot- 
