[79] FLOUNDERS AND SOLES. 303 
Sf. (Dorsal rays 75 to 76; anal rays 59 to 61. Lat. 1. 112 to 118; pectoral fins 
about 24in head; depth 23. Head 44in length; color brown, with numer- 
ous obscure dusky cloudings; pectoral with a black ocellus in the middle 
of its posterior half.] (Steindachner: Giinther) .-.--..----. THEOPHILA, 98. 
ee. [Scales in lateral line 90 to 95; D. 83 or 84. A. 65. Head 54 in length; 
depth 3. Eye 5 in head, equal to interorbital width; nasal tube of left 
side long and much fringed; lips not fringed; blind side of head with 
many fringes; right pectoral} in head. Color grayish, very much mottled 
and spotted on body and fins; base of candal dark; pectoral black, edged 
Nepalese (CAME) ssc cn. s'sienn mea ane Smee clee acl sesma atte VARIOLOSA, 99. 
92. SOLEA SOLEA. 
(THE COMMON SOLE.) 
[Plates XX and XXI.] 
Pleuronectes solea Linnzus, Systema Nature, ed. x, 1758, 270 (and of the earlier 
copyists). 
Rolea vulgaris Quensel, Vet. Akad. Handl., 1806, 230, and of nearly all later writers. 
Solea buglossa Rafinesque, Indice, 1810, 45. 
Solea cinerea Guichenot, Explor. hive Poiss., 1850, 106 (plain brown variety). 
Solea angulosa Kaup, Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1858,95. (Algiers; Rochelle) (= P. angu- 
lata, MSS. Paris Museum. ) 
Solea azevia Capello, Journ. Acad. Sci., Lisboa, i, 1867, 166, fig. 2 (plain brown va- 
riety). 
Solea vulgaris var. azevia Steindachner, Ichthyol. Berichte, vi, 1468, 54, with plate. 
Solea linnwi Malm, Bohusliins Fauna, 532 (about 1860). 
Habitat—All coasts of Europe, except the extreme north. 
This species is the famous sole of Europe, one of the most prized of 
all food-fishes. It abounds on almost all coasts of central and southern 
Kurope, preferring sandy or gravelly shores, and it is usually captured, 
according to Dr. Day, with the trawl. It usually reaches a length of 
12 to 18 inches. 
' No specimens of the European sole have yet been taken on the 
American coasts. Several attempts have been made by the United 
States Fish Commission to introduce the species into our waters, but 
thus far without evident success. 
The Solea azevia of Capello is considered by Steindachner to be an 
uuspotted variety of the common sole. The Solea cinerea, scantily de- 
scribed by Guichenot, seems to be the same form. 
Solea angulosa Kaup is said to have D.84; A.71; P.7; V.7-6; C. 19; 
the pectoral as long as the distance from its root to the lower eye. It 
may be a common sole, with the number of fiu-rays slightly increased. 
93. SOLEA aS: 
Solea capellonis Steindachner, Ichthyol. Berichte, vi, 56, 1868 (with plate) (Gibral- 
tar; Dalmatia). 
Habitat.—Mediterranean Sea. 
This species is evidently very closely related to the commen sole, of 
which, it seems to us, it may be a mere local variety, with unusually 
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