364 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [22] 
Ololithus rhomboidalis Cuvier, Régne Animal, ed. 2, 1829 (based on Lutjanus cayen- 
nensis Lacépede), 
Ololithus loeroe Cuy. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 72, plate 103, 1830, Cayenne (same 
type as L. cayennensis Lac., Surinam, Brazil, Lake Maracaibo), ibid., ix, 478 
(Cayenne). 
Apseudobranchus toeroe Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 18 (name only). 
Habitat.—Surinam, Brazil. 
There seems to be no reason to doubt that this is the Otolithus toeroe 
of Cuvier & Valenciennes, and this toeroe is based on the same typical 
examples as the prior names rhomboidalis and cayennensis. 
As to the still earlier name acoupa, it seems to us that Cuvier and 
Valenciennes are right in referring it to a species of this group, as the 
caudal is rounded, the lower jaw projecting, the teeth unequal, and the 
second dorsal with 18 rays. As, according to the statements of these 
authors, the fish called ‘‘Toeroe” by the Dutch in Guiana is known as 
‘“Acoupa” by the Portuguese, this identification is highly probable. 
The specific name acoupa should then supersede cayennensis. 
Our description of this species is taken chiefly from a specimen 14 
inches long from Cachiura, Brazil (10892, M.C. Z.). Numerous other 
specimens are in the museum from Surinam, San Matheo, Curuga, Ca- 
chiura, and Rio Janeiro. 
The statement is made by Dr. Giinther that this species lacks pseudo- 
branchiz, and on this statement Dr. Gill has proposed for it the generic 
name of Apseudobranchus. 
It is true in this as in other species of Cestreus that the pseudo- 
branchiz become smaller with age. Usually they become (in old spe- 
cimens) obsolete on one side while they are perfectly evident on the 
other. This is the case with all the old specimens of this species which 
we have examined, and it is true also in several others of the larger 
species. The genus Apseudobranchus is therefore strictly synonymous 
with Cestreus and Cynoscion. 
7. CESTREUS SQUAMIPINNIS. 
Otolithus squamipinnis Giinther, Fishes Central America, 387 and 429, 1869 (Panama). 
Steindachner, Neue und Seltene Fische k. k. Zool. Mus. Wien, 37, 1879 
(Panama). 
Cynoscion squamipinne Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 232 (La Union, 
San Salvador). Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. 8. Fish Com., 1881, 320 (La 
Union). 
Hlabitat.—Pacific coast of tropical America. 
This species is known from a few specimens taken at La Union and 
Panama. Specimens obtained by Prof. Alexander Agassiz at Panama 
are in the museum at Cambridge. 
8. CESTREUS OTHONOPTERUS. 
Cynoscion squamipinnis Streets, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vii, 49, 1877 (off San Ygnacto 
River, Gulf of California) (not Ololithus squamipinnis Giinther). 
Cynoscion othonopterum Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1831, 274 (Punta San 
Felipe, Mexico), Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. 8. Fish Com., 1881. 320 (copied). 
Habitat.—Gulf of California. 
