78 TISSUE RESPIRATION IN INVERTEBRATES 



muscle of adult; male > female; Allen and Richards, 1954. Flight and leg muscles of adult; 



male > female; Perez -Gonzalez and Edwards, 1954. Many tissues of adult; with exception of 



foregut, male > female; Sacktor and Thomas, 1955. Metathorax of adult; male > female; 



Kubista, 1956. Fat body of nymph; male > female; Young, 1958 

 Sarcoplmga bullata: Thoracic muscles of adult; female > male; Allen and Richards, 1954 

 Tenebrio molitor: Flight and leg muscles of adult; female > male; Allen and Richards, 1954 



VARIATION IN RESPIRATORY RATE WITH AGE 



Mollusca 

 Pelecypoda 



Crassostrea virginica: Adductor muscle; decline in endogenous respiratory rate with age (from 

 shell length of 5.0 cm. to one of 14.7 cm.); Hopkins, 1930 



Gryphaea angulata: Mantle, gill, muscle, midgut gland; decline in endogenous respiratory rate 

 with age (from 10-15 mos. to 6 yrs.); Chapheau, 1932 



Mercenaria mercenaria: Posterior adductor muscle; decline in endogenous respiratory rate with 

 age (from shell length of 6.5 cm. to one of 9 cm.); Hopkins, 1930. Adductor muscle, mantle, 

 gill; decline in endogenous respiratory rate with age (from 2-6 yrs. to 7-20 yrs.), except respir- 

 atory rate of gill tissue of both size classes essentially the same during winter and spring; 

 Hopkins, 1946 



VARIATION IN RESPIRATORY RATE DURING CRUSTACEAN MOLT CYCLE 



Arthropoda 

 Crustacea 

 Carcinus maenas: Muscle; cyanide-insensitive respiration (with added fructose) lowest just before 

 ecdysis, then rising during ecdysis and in the post-ecdysial, soft-shelled stage, with maximum 

 rate during intermolt; no oxygen uptake in the absence of fructose or glucose; Krishnan, 1954 

 Gecarcinus lateralis: Integumentary tissues; endogenous respiration just before ecdysis 1.6 

 times that during intermolt period; Skinner (MS.) 



VARIATION IN RESPIRATORY RATE DURING INSECT LIFE CYCLE 



Arthropoda 

 Insecta 

 Calliplwra erythrocepliala: Flight muscle; a-ketoglutaric oxidase activity relatively high during 



first seven days after adult emergence, lower during eighth to tenth day, then up again at 15 to 



17 days; Lewis and Slater, 1954; Slater and Lewis, 1954 

 Hyalopiwra cecropia: Wing epithelium; fall in the activity of several enzymes within 24 hours of 



pupation, and then a marked rise in their activity during adult development; Shappirio and 



Williams, 1957b 

 Periplaneta americana: Leg muscle; no marked difference in respiratory activity between 10- 



to 20-day adults and 95- to 185-day adults; Allen and Richards, 1954 

 Periplaneta americana: Leg and wing muscle, pigmented ("pink") or destined to be pigmented; 



respiratory activity low in nymphs, higher in 1- to 5-day adults, and still higher in 15- to 65- 

 day adults; Brooks, 1957 

 Phormia regina: Muscle; cytochrome oxidase activity higher in 1-day adults than in 3- to 22-day 



adults; activity of certain other enzymes higher in older than in younger adults; Watanabe and 



Williams, 1951 



