160 



SAMUELSON AND NISHIDA 



Blattodea 



Marshalls 9, Enewetak 7 — All the cockroaches 

 reported for the Marshalls are widespread in the Pacific 

 and either include at least the Oriental region (4 species) 

 or occur around the world (5). The Micronesian fauna has 

 not been surveyed, but seven species from Enewetak are 

 present in Bishop Museum. Of these, the Blattella. 

 Lupparia. and Melanozosteha we list are Oriental; the 

 Neosfylopi^ga and Pycnosce/is are Oriental now spread 

 through the tropics; and both Periplaneta are African, with 

 one species now tropicopolitan (australasiae) and one now 

 cosmopolitan (amehcana) . All seven reported for Enewetak 

 include Hawaii in their distributions. Two additional 

 species reported for the Marshalls are the cosmopolitan 

 Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) and the Oriental 

 Melanozosteria nitida (Brunner). 



Mantodea 



Marshalls 1, Enewetak — Only one Melanesian 

 mantid, Orthodera burmeisteri Wood-Mason, reaches the 

 Marshalls but it is not reported for Enewetak. Beier (1972) 

 reviewed the Micronesian fauna, which comprises five spe- 

 cies. The only mantid endemic to Micronesia is from Palau, 

 and it has Philippine affinities. 



Isoptera 



Marshalls 6, Enewetak — Three of the termites 

 known from the Marshalls are identified: Kalotermes 

 repandus Hill is restricted to Oceania, Coptotermes 

 formosanus Shiraki is an Oriental species spread into the 

 Pacific and elsewhere, and Cri;ptotermes breuis (Walker) is 

 tropicopolitan (Cole, 1951; Sugcrman, 1972a, 1972b). 

 The last two are also reported for Hawaii. The three 

 unidentified termites appear to represent Gfyptotermes, 

 Nasutitermes, and Prorhinotermes. The Micronesian fauna 

 has not been monographed. 



Dermaptera 



Marshalls 7, Enewetak 3 — All of the earwigs reported 

 for the Marshalls are cosmopolitan species. All but one of 

 the seven are reported for Kwajalein. Three of the seven 

 comprise the total earwig fauna for the Caroline atolls, and 

 the greater number in the Marshalls, particularly Kwajalein, 

 is likely a result of heavier international traffic. At least 

 four of the seven also occur in Hawaii, including the three 

 that we list for Enewetak. Micronesian fauna, treated by 

 Brindle (1972), comprises 24 species, with endemism 

 about 46%. 



Phasmatodea 



Marshalls 1, Enewetak — Only one species, 

 Megacrania batesi Kirby, is reported for the Marshalls but 

 not Enewetak; it is distributed through Melanesia, 

 Indonesia, and the Philippines. The Pacific walkingsticks 

 were generally surveyed by Nakata (1961). At least nine 

 species are reported for Micronesia, including four endemic 

 to the Carolines and one to the Marianas, but the group 

 there remains poorly collected. 



Orthoptera 



Marshalls 10, Enewetak 5 — The species reaching the 

 Marshalls are circumtropical (1), widespread in the Old 

 World (1), Oriental (3), Indo- Australian (2), or restricted to 

 Oceania (3). Although the Micronesian fauna has not been 

 surveyed, five species are known from Enewetak, either 

 reported earlier (Townes, 1946; Sugerman, 1972a) or 

 present in Bishop Museum. Of the five we list for 

 Enewetak, the Aiolopus is an acridid of Indo-Australian dis- 

 tribution; the Phisis is a tettigoniid also found in Polynesia 

 (Samoa, Tahiti); and there are three gryllids: the Gri^llodes 

 is circumtropical, the Ornebius is Oriental, and the 

 Speonemobius is Oceanian. The Gry/Zodes and Ornebius 

 reported for Enewetak are also found in Hawaii. The fol- 

 lowing are reported for the Marshalls but are not 

 definitely recorded for Enewetak — Acrididae: Locusta 

 danica (Linnaeus), L. migratoha manilensis (Mayne), Ox\^a 

 /iy/a intricata (Stal); Gryllacrididae: Gr^illachs sp. near 

 aurantiaca Brunner von Wattenwyl; and Tettigoniidae: 

 Phaneroptera furcifera Stal. 



Embioptera 



Marshalls 1, Enewetak — Oligotoma (Aposthonia) 

 micronesiae Ross, described from the Marianas, is also 

 reported for the Marshalls (Jaluit) and Gilberts (Butaritari). 

 It and a related species found in the Carolines and 

 Polynesia, O. (A.) oceanica Ross, along with an 

 undescribed member of the subgenus from Ponape, all pos- 

 sibly have Philippines affinities. Micronesian fauna, 

 reviewed by Ross (1955), comprises five species of which 

 two appear to be endemic to Micronesia. Two Oriental 

 species that have spread to other tropical areas also reach 

 Micronesia. 



Psocoptera 



Marshalls 16, Enewetak 4 — All of these species range 

 beyond the Marshalls, with seven of the 16 restricted to 

 Micronesia, two extending only to Hawaii, three restricted 

 to Oceania, one also in the Oriental region, and three 

 widespread. Of the four psocids reported for Enewetak, 

 one is confined to Micronesia, one to Oceania, and two are 

 widespread. Only the Caecilius and Ectopsocus of the four 

 we list are also reported for Hawaii. Micronesian fauna, 

 reviewed by Thornton et al. (1972), comprises 90 species. 

 Endemism in the fauna is about 44%, with 19 endemic 

 species in the Marianas, 19 more in the Carolines, and two 

 in the Bonins. The number of endemics is diminished in 

 the eastern part of the Carolines, with three on Ponape 

 and one on Kosrae. Psocids are fairly well represented on 

 Caroline atolls, with one of the nine species there endemic; 

 five of the nine also occur in the Marshalls. 



