180 



CHILD 



TABLE 1 

 Checklist of Pycnogonida of Eneu/etak Atoll 



Phylum ARTHROPODA 

 Class PYCNOGONIDA 

 Order PANTOPODA 

 Family AMMOTHEIDAE 



' Ammothella stauromata Child, 1982. 

 Family CALLIPALLENIDAE 



' Callipallene sp. cf. nouaezelandlae (Thomson, 1884). 

 Family ENDEIDAE 



' Endeis nodosa Hilton, 1942. 

 Family PHOXICHILIDIIDAE 

 ' Anoplodact{;lus glanduHfer Stock, 1954. 

 * Anoplodacfylus warshallensis Child, 1982. 



'New Enewetak and Micronesian record. 



islands and atolls of Micronesia will undoubtedly add many 

 species to the faunal checklist shown in Table 1. Collec- 

 tions of coral rubble from lagoon and outer reef habitats 

 will probably yield additional new distributional records and 

 new species. Scraping for fouling organisms on pier pilings, 

 navigation buoys, and ship's hulls is another method for 

 sampling common pycnogonid habitats and should increase 

 our knowledge of that fauna. Pycnogonid habitats have 

 hardly been touched on most of the oceanic islands of the 

 Pacific. 



COLLECTION DATA 



Ammothella stauromata, Anoplodact^/lus glandulifer, 

 and Anoplodact\;lus marshallensis were all collected by the 

 author in 1969 from pier pilings on the north end of 

 Enewetak Island (site name Fred). Callipallene sp. cf. 

 novaezelandiae and Endeis nodosa were collected by the 

 author in 1969 and by others in 1974 and 1975 from 

 lagoon rubble and coral rocks in fairly shallow water. The 

 Callipallene specimens were found in rubble on a lagoon 

 coral knoll near Jinedrol Island (site name Alvin) and in 

 coral rubble from Enewetak Island. Endeis nodosa came 

 from coral rocks in the lagoon off Enewetak Island and 

 from pier pilings on the lagoon side of Runit Island (site 

 name Yvonne). No specimens have been rep>orted from the 

 rich outer reef habitats of Enewetak Atoll. 



Ammothella stauromata and Anoplodacti/lus marshall- 

 ensis are recently described species (Child, 1982) and are 

 known only from Enewetak Atoll. Anoplodact\;lus 

 glandulifer Stock, 1954, has the widest known distribution 

 of the five species. It is known in widely scattered localities 

 from the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa to Burma 

 and Singapore and for the first time in the central Pacific 

 islands at Enewetak. Endeis nodosa Hilton, 1942, has been 

 known only from Hawaii, on Oahu Island, and the 

 Enewetak specimens extend its known range considerably 

 to the west. The Callipallene specimens show slight differ- 

 ences from Thomson's (1884) species novaezelandiae, but 

 if they are in fact this species, the previously known south- 

 ern hemisphere distribution of C. novaezelandiae (east 

 coast of Africa to New Zealand) would be extended to the 



northern hemisphere at Enewetak. The record depths for 

 all five species are shallow to littoral. 



In general, the four genera have a worldwide distribu- 

 tion, predominantly in the tropics, but there are species of 

 Endeis, Anoplodactijlus, and Callipallene in deep sea habi- 

 tats and even in cold Antarctic waters. Anoplodacti;lus is 

 the largest genus represented in terms of species known 

 with about 75 now recognized. It has several known 

 representatives in most papers on the perimeter Pacific 

 island groups, including Australia and New Zealand, and 

 appears in the few reports that exist on western and mid- 

 Pacific islands. There are close relations of the Enewetak 

 species of Anoplodact\)lus in Japan and the Indian Ocean. 



The specific food preferences of most pycnogonid 

 species are unknown; so there can be no comparisons of 

 habitat-food preference among the various species. 



The genus Ammothella, with 28 known species, is 

 tropical-temperate in distribution and has island represen- 

 tatives in scattered localities around some parts of the 

 Pacific perimeter. Callipallene, with 28 known species, is 

 one of many genera in a large family which seems to have 

 an area of proliferation, at the generic level, in the 

 Austral-Indonesian area (referring to the island arc from 

 Australia and New Zealand through the Philippines). Of the 

 24 genera in the family Callipallenidae, 13 genera have 

 representatives in this area. One genus (Parapallene) has 

 the majority of its known species found in this area, and 

 three genera (P{jcnopallene, Spasmopallene, and 

 Sti^lopallene) are endemic. Therefore, it would not be 

 surprising at all to find a number of coral reef species of 

 callipallenids at Enewetak and the Marshall Islands. The 

 genus Endeis, with 17 reported species, has seven from 

 the Austral-Indonesian region. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The author is grateful to the Atomic Energy Commis- 

 sion which oi>erated the Enewetak Marine Biological 

 Laboratory under the management of the University of 

 Hawaii, to the base support of Kentron Inc., and to the 

 U. S. Air Force for field support while specimens for the 

 Smithsonian Institution were collected. I also wish to thank 

 my fellow divers from the Smithsonian and the U. S. 

 Geological Survey for their support and specimen 

 contributions. 



REFERENCES 



Barnard, J. L., 1965, Marine Amphipoda of Atolls in Micronesia, 



Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus . 177: 459-552. 

 Child, C. A., 1982, Pycnogonida from the Marshall Islands, Proc. 



Bio. Soc. Wash.. 95: 270-281. 

 Hilton, W. A., 1942, Pycnogonids from Hawaii, Occas. Pap. 



Bernice P Bishop Mus.. 17: 43-55. 

 Stock, J. H., 1954, Pycnogonida from Indo-West Pacific, Aus- 

 tralian, and New Zealand Waters, Papers from Dr. Th. 



Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-16, Vidensk. Medd. 



Dansk Naturh. Foren . 116: 1168. 

 Thomson, G. M., 1884, On the New Zealand Pycnogonida, with 



Descriptions of New Species, Trans, and Proc. New Zealand 



Institute, 16: 242-248. 



