182 



REAKA AND MANNING 



TABLE 1 

 Checklist of Stomatopoda from Enewetak Atoll 



Phylum CRUSTACEA 

 Class MALACOSTRACA 

 Order STOMATOPODA 



Family GONODACTYLIDAE 



Conodacfyhs chiragra (Fabricius): Manning, 1971. 



Gonodact]^lus espinosus Borradaile: Manning, 1971. 



Gonodacti/lus incipiens Lanchester: Reaka, 1973; Dingle et al., 1973; 



Caldwell and Brunenmeister, 1975; Reaka, 1975a; Caldwell and Dingle, 1977; Reaka, 1979a. 

 Gonodacti;lus viridis Serene: Caldwell and Dingle, 1972. 

 Gonodacty/us childi Manning: Manning, 1972 

 Gonodactvlus insularis Manning and Reaka: Manning and Reaka, 1982 



Gonodacfylus fakatus (Forskal): Manning, 1971; Caldwell and Dingle, 1972; Dingle et al., 1973; 



Reaka, 1973; Reaka, 1975a; Reaka, 1975b; Reaka, 1976; Reaka, 1979a; Manning and Reaka, 1982. 

 Gonodacfylus micronesica Manning: Manning, 1971; Dingle et al., 1973; Reaka, 1973. 

 Gonodacfylus p/a(ysoma Wood-Mason: Manning, 1971; Caldwell and Dingle, 1972; Reaka, 1973; 



Caldwell and Brunenmeister, 1975; Reaka, 1975a; Reaka, 1975b; Reaka, 1979a. 

 Gonodacfylus smithii Pocock: Manning, 1971; Caldwell and Dingle, 1972; Reaka, 1973; Dingle et al., 1973; 



Caldwell and Brunenmeister, 1975; Reaka, 1975a; Reaka, 1975b; Reaka, 1979a; Reaka, 1979b. 

 *Gonodarty/us ternatensis De Man, 1902 (new record based on specimen in USNM collections). 

 Family PROTOSQUILLIDAE 



Haptosquilla gl^iptocercus (Wood-Mason): Manning, 1971; Caldwell and Dingle, 1972; Dingle et al., 1973; 



Caldwell and Brunenmeister, 1975; Reaka, 1975a; Reaka, 1975b; Reaka, 1976; Caldwell and Dingle, 1977; 

 Reaka, 1979a; Reaka, 1979b. 

 Family PSEUDOSQUILLIDAE 



'Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius, 1787) (new record based on specimen in USNM collection). 



'Pseudosquilla ornata Miers, 1880 (new record based on specimen in Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historic, Leiden). 

 Family LYSIOSQUILLIDAE 

 'Lvsiosquilh maculata (Fabricius, 1793) (new record based on specimen determined by R Kinzle for Mid-Pacific 

 Marine Laboratory reference collection). 



'New records for species at Enewetak. 



Australia (and we suggest that this may be an endemic 

 population). Individuals of G. incipiens from Enewetak are 

 smaller than their cognates from Thailand (G. viridis) or 

 Australia (G. affinis). Gonodacfylus insularis in Enewetak is 

 a dwarf species compared to its close relatives in Thailand 

 (G. mutatus). Australia (G. falcatus), and Hawaii (G. aloha). 

 These data cannot be accounted for by collecting tech- 

 niques, sample sizes, or latitude and temperature. (See 

 Reaka and Manning, 1987a, for further discussion). One 

 lineage, that of H. gl\;ptocercus. does not fit this pattern 

 since it is not smaller in Enewetak than in Thailand. 



We have discussed elsewhere reproductive and life his- 

 tory traits and their relationship to body size, dispersal 

 ability, and evolutionary rates in stomatopods, including 

 those from Enewetak (Reaka, 1975a, 1976, 1978, 1979a, 

 1979b, 1980a; Reaka and Manning, 1981, 1987a). Life 

 history traits are scaled to body size within related lineages 

 of stomatopods, and the life history patterns of species 

 from Enewetak conform to these overall patterns. In partic- 

 ular, however, small body size and restricted dispersal abil- 

 ity generate rapid evolutionary changes and are likely to 

 be associated with endemism. The tendency for dwarfism 

 and endemism in the stomatopods from Enewetak provides 

 another example of this trend. 



COLOR PATTERNS 



Despite their cryptic habits, stomatopods often are 

 flamboyantly colored (Reaka, 1975b, 1980b, 1981; Reaka 

 and Manning, 1981). Some of these color patterns vary 

 dramatically among individuals of the population, while 

 other traits are invariable in color. In another study on the 

 coral-dwelling stomatopods of Enewetak (Reaka and Man- 

 ning, 1987b), we provide the first quantitative analysis in 

 any crustacean of the degree of color polymorphism in all 

 morphological traits, and we test a series of hypotheses 

 about the function of color patterns in stomatopods. Invari- 

 ant and species-specific color traits can facilitate accurate 

 identification of morphologically similar species in the field 

 and also can be used to resolve taxonomic differences 

 among sibling species (Manning, 1964, 1971; Manning and 

 Reaka, 1979, 1981a, 1981b, 1982). Therefore, we pro- 

 vide here a summary of the traits that will be either the 

 most useful or the most likely to lead one astray in field 

 identifications of the common coral-dwelling stomatopods 

 in Enewetak. 



The meral spot (an often brightly colored oval indenta- 

 tion on the dorsomedial surface of each of the raptorial 

 second maxillipeds) is one of the most reliable characteris- 

 tics for identifying species (Table 2). The meral spot is 



