CRUSTACEA DECAPODA 



225 



TABLE 1 (cont'd) 



Infraorder PALINURA 



Superfamily PALINUROIDEA 

 Family SYNAXIDAE 



i Palinurellus wieneckii (De Man, 1881). 

 Family PALINURIDAE 



tPanulirus hngipes femoristriga (von Martens, 1872). 

 Panulirus pencillatus (Olivier, 1791): Ford et al., 1979; Cooke and 

 MacDonald, 1981; Ebert and Ford, 1986. 

 Family SCYLLARIDAE 



iParribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793). 



fNew records for Enewetak. 



STENOPODIDEA 



Identified stenopodid shrimps determined from 

 Enewetak include the pantropical banded coral shrimp, 

 Stenopus hispidus: S. tenuirostris, from the western Indian 

 Ocean, Philippines, and the western Pacific; S. zanzibar- 

 icus. from the western Indian Ocean and central Pacific 

 (Canton Island); Odontozona sculpticaudata, known from 

 Malayan and northeastern Australian waters; and two 

 species of Microprosthema. One of these, M. scabricauda- 

 tum, has been recorded from the western Indian Ocean, 

 New Guinea, and the Ryukyu's, whereas M. plumicorne 

 has previously been recorded only from Mauritius in the 

 western Indian Ocean. All of these stenopodid shrimps are 

 apparently new records from the Marshall Islands. 

 J. W. Goy (personal communication) has also identified 

 S. hispidus from Jaluit Atoll (USNM specimens). Recently, 

 an undescribed species of Odontozona was found and 

 awaits description. 



CARIDEA 



One widely distributed Indo-West Pacific pasiphaeid 

 shrimp, a species of Leptochela, is known from Enewetak 

 and several other Marshall Islands (Chace, 1955; 1976). It 

 was said to have been the most common decapod found 

 during the 1946 and 1947 survey and was collected at 

 night on the surface using a light. 



Four species of rhynchocinetid shrimps are recorded: 

 Rhi>nchocinetes hiatti occurs at Enewetak as well as several 

 other Pacific island areas; R. hendersoni, reported as a 

 new species (R. marshallensisj from Enewetak by Edmond- 

 son (1952), is a widespread Indo-West Pacific form (Hoi- 

 thuis and Hayashi, 1967); a species approaching R. rigens 

 is newly recorded from the atoll; a fourth species is as yet 

 undetermined and awaits description (Holthuis, personal 

 communication). 



Palaemonid shrimps known from Enewetak are 

 represented by 43 identified and 10 unidentified species in 

 18 genera. All but two species are members of the sub- 

 family Pontoniinae. Rose water (1965) reported a species of 

 Paranchistus and Fankboner (1972) a species of Anchistus 

 as symbionts from tridacnid clams. Anchistus australis and 



three species of Conchodiites can now be added to the list 

 of symbionts associated with tridacnid and ostreid bivalves 

 at Enewetak. Parati>pton siebenrocki, a species forming 

 galls in Acropora coral, was recorded from Enewetak by 

 Bruce (1969). Two widely distributed Indo-West Pacific 

 species of Palaemonella (P. pottsi and P. rotumana) were 

 reported from Enewetak by Bruce (1970), the former a 

 commensal on the crinoid Comanthus bennetti but more 

 recently found on two additional crinoid species (Table 2). 

 Periclimenes soror, a symbiont on many tropical asteroids, 

 was first recorded from Enewetak by Bruce (1978). 

 Laboratory sponsored projects in 1974 led to the collec- 

 tion and description of eight pontoniine shrimps, one being 

 new and five being widely distributed tropical species pre- 

 viously unrecorded from the Marshall Islands (Bruce, 

 1979a). Four of these species were associated with sea 

 anemones; one each was found on a sea star, sponge, and 

 tridacnid clam; and one is apparently a free-living form. A 

 reef coral workshop held at the Mid-Pacific Research 

 Laboratory (MPRL) in 1976 led to the collection and 

 description of a new genus and species of pontoniine 

 shrimp associated with a stony coral (Bruce, 1979b). Stud- 

 ies on the commensals and parasites associated with coma- 

 tulid crinoids (feather-stars) by Ann Fielding and Dennis 

 Devaney in 1976 resulted in finding seven pontoniine and 

 three alpheid shrimps as well as a galatheid and a brachy- 

 uran crab (Table 2). One of the pontoniines, Periclimenes 

 pilipes, is a species described as new from Enewetak 

 (Bruce and Zmarzly, 1983). A study detailing the biological 

 relationships between Enewetak crinoids, their symbiotic 

 crustaceans, and other invertebrates has recently been pub- 

 lished (Zmarzly, 1984). Two species of Harpiliopsis and 

 one species of Fennera are symbionts on pocilliporid 

 corals. Similarly, the five species of Coralliocahs and two 

 species of Philarius. herein recorded from Enewetak for the 

 first time, are also symbionts of Acropora corals in other 

 parts of the Indo-West Pacific (Bruce, 1974). Thirty of the 

 48 identified pontoniine shrimps recorded from Enewetak 

 are also known from Heron Island, Australia (Bruce, 

 1981). The remainder are, with few exceptions, wide- 

 spread tropical Indo-West Pacific or pantropical species. All 

 but three (Anchistus demani, On^icocahs stenolepis, and 

 Pontonia hurii) of the 20 pontoniines recorded by Holthuis 



