226 



DEVANEY AND BRUCE 



TABLE 2 



Symbiotic Decapod Crustacea Associated 

 with Crinoids at Enewetak Atoll 



'Determinations or verifications of palaemonids made by AJB; alphelds 

 by A H. Banner; galatheid by K. Baba; parthenopid by Ann Fielding. 



tDeterminations of Comanthina schegeli and Comanthus paruidrrus 

 resulted from work by Debbie Zmarzly, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 

 during her more extensive research on crinoid ecology and symbionts in 

 1980. 



(1953) from other atolls in the Marshall Islands have been 

 found at Enewetak. 



The gnathophyllid shrimp, Hymenocera picta, has been 

 observed at Kwajalein and Enewetak atolls. At Enewetak, 

 a pair was seen at night well back in a cave (S. Johnson, 

 personal communication) and a specimen photographed in 

 the Enewetak quarry. An ovigerous specimen of 

 Gnathophijllum americanum was collected in the Enewetak 

 lagoon. Both gnathophyllids are widely distributed 

 throughout the Indo-Wcst Pacific region; the latter species 

 is also found in the tropical eastern Pacific and Caribbean. 



Three species of alpheid shrimps were recorded at 

 Enewetak by Chace (1955) based on collections from the 

 northern Marshall Islands. More intensive study on 

 Enewetak alpheids was made by A. H. Banner in Febru- 

 ary and March 1957. The results of this latter work 

 (Banner and Banner, 1960; 1968) increased the known 

 number of alpheids from Enewetak to 49 species including 

 two new species of Athanas (three species of Athanas 

 listed only from "Marshall Islands" in these two papers 



include specimens from Enewetak). The 1968 paper is 

 especially important in providing station data with collec- 

 tion locality, depth, and habitat." Beginning in 1976, exam- 

 ination of symbionts associated with comatulid crinoids at 

 Enewetak revealed two species of S^^nalpheus (S. carinatus 

 and S. stimpsonij and an undetermined species of Athanas 

 (Table 2). One or more species of alpheids have also been 

 observed together with gobiid fishes in burrows made in 

 Enewetak Lagoon sediment. Seven alpheid species were 

 found by Highsmith (1981) as associates of six different 

 corals. Only two, Alpheus acutofemoratus and A. par- 

 virostris, were found in more than two coral heads of the 

 same species, and the former alpheid was found in all but 

 one of the corals studied. Altogether, 52 identified alpheid 

 species in seven genera are now known from Enewetak of 



"In 1961 a fire destroyed many of the specimens upon which 

 these two papers were based (Banner and Banner, 1961). For- 

 tunately, representatives of most of the species were deposited in 

 the MPRL reference collection and are still available. 



