TCHTHYOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 401 



montli of the small stream which flows into Captain's Harbor. Both pools and 

 shallows seemed full of them, and large numbers were dying within a few hundred 

 yards of the beach. The sj)awning season appeared to begin early in August. 



20. Oncorhynchus tscha'wytscha (Walbaum). Chinook Salmon ; Quinnat Salmon; 



King Salmon. 

 While coaling at Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10-13, young individuals 

 of this species were seen feeding on the herring {Chqyea imllasi), and a number were 

 taken on the trolling line. They were present in company with 0. nerka. The latter 

 could always be distinguished on the table by its much redder and drier flesh, and 

 will not, as a food-fish, bear comparison with 0. ischaivytscha of the same size. At 

 Unalaska, May 24-27, the run had hardly begun, though a few individuals were 

 seen. A small pond near the stream which flows into the head of Captain's Harbor 

 was full of young salmon of this species, from 2 to 5 inches long, which took the fly 

 greedily. June 3, at the mouth of the Xushagak River, Bristol Bay, an occasional 

 individual was taken. A small run had come into the river a short time before our 

 visit. On June 16 the " king salmon" were running abundantly at Unalaska, but 

 they were not seen on later visits at this point or at Port Moller. It is worthy of 

 note that their period of greatest abundance coincided in time with that of the 

 herring, and their approach to the coast maybe determined by the movements of the 

 latter. Their annual appearance in large numbers in Monterey Bay, California, 

 seems to be dependent on the run of anchovies (Engraulis mordax). 



21. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum). Silver Salmon. 



A few individuals of this species were taken at Unalaska May 24-27. It was, as 

 a food-fish, inferior to 0. nerka and 0. tschawytscha. Two young specimens were 

 seined at Unalaska June 16, the smaller of which, 190 mm. long, shows very con- 

 spicuous parr-marks. These have disappeared in the larger specimen, 225 mm. long, 

 which has also assumed more the proportions and appearance of the adult. In this 

 specimen the spots are more distinct than in the adults, being large, well defined, 

 and close-set on head, back, and dorsal fin, and the caudal fin is very indistinctly 

 marked, the faint spots being confined to the outer ray of both lobes. It is a male, 

 with the testes so well developed as to make it very probable that it would have 

 sought the spawning-grounds within a few months. Three smaller specimens were 

 taken in Herendeen Bay July .5. The smallest of these is 145 mm., the largest 185 

 mm. long. The distal half of the dorsal fin is black, with the exception of the last 

 two rays, which are entirely white. 



22. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum). Blueiack Salmon; Red Salmon. 



This species appeared constantly associated with the king salmon. It was taken 

 by trolling in Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10 to 13, was seined in small 

 numbers at Unalaska May 24 to 27, and was abundant at Unalaska June 16. It 

 had not begun to run at Nushagak June 3, but the young with parr-marks still 

 evident, ranging in size from 95 to 115 mm., were very abundant. The young 

 were doubtless at that time descending the rivers to the sea, and were probably 

 about 20 months old. On July 5 young specimens averaging slightly larger than 

 the above were taken in salt water at Herendeen Bay, Alaskan Peninsula. These 

 range from 120 to 130 mm. in total length; the color is deeper and less silvery than in 

 the Nushagak specimens, and the parr-marks have almost wholly disappeared. The 

 stomachs are full of copepod Crustacea, apparently all of one species. The diff'er- 

 ence in size between the specimens from Herendeen Bay and those from Nushagak 

 may indicate the average amount of growth of the former since reaching saltwater. 

 The specimens from Nushagak contained in their stomachs remains of insects and 

 of marine Crustacea. They had probably been playing back and forth on the tides. 



The young of 0. ne7-ka are the most slender of all the salmon. They are wholly 

 without spots or freckles on body or tins. The dorsal and anal fins are without pro- 

 F. E. 93 26 



