CONTENTS. XV 



— First meeting with the Chukches — Landing and visits to Chukch villages 

 — Discover}^ of abandoned encampments — Trade M'ith the natives rendered 

 difficult by the want of means of exchange — -Stay at Irkaipij — Onkilou 

 graves — Information regarding the Onkilon race — Renewed contact with the 

 Chukches — Kolpitschin Bay — American statements regarding the state of 

 the ice north of Behring's Straits — The Vega beset . Pages 301 — 348 



CHAPTER X. 



Wintering becomes necessary — The position of the Vega — The ice round the 

 vessel— American ship in the neighbourhood of the Fega when frozen in — 

 The nature of the neighbouring country — The Vega, is prepared for wintering 

 — Provision-depot and observatories established on land — The winter dress 

 — Temperature on board — Health and dietary — Cold, wind, and snow — The 

 Chukches on board — Menka's visit — Letters sent home — Nordquist and 

 Hovgaard's excursion to Menka's encampment — Another visit of Menka — 

 The fate of the letters — Nordquist's journey to Pidlin — Find of a Chukch 

 grave — Hunting — Scientific work — Life on board — Christmas Eve. 



Pages 349—395 



CHAPTER XL 



Hope of release at the new year — Bove's excursion to the open water — Mild 

 weather and renewed severe cold — Mercury frozen — Popular lectures — 

 Brusewitz'a excursion to Najtskaj — Another despatch of letters home — The 

 natives' accounts of the state of the ice on the coast of Chukch Land — The 

 Chukches caiT}^ on traffic between Arctic America and Siberia — Excursions in 

 the neighbourhood of winter quarters — The weather during spring — The 

 melting of the snow — The aurora — The arrival of the migratory birds — The 

 animal world of Chukch Land — NoaliElisej's relief expedition — A remarkable 

 fish — The countiy clear of snow — Release — The North-East Passage 

 achieved ......... Pages 395^451 



CHAPTER XII. 

 The history, physique, disposition, and manners of the Chukches Pages 451 — 510 



CHAPTER XIII. 



The development of our knowledge of the north coast of Asia— Herodotus — 

 Strabo — Pliny — Marco Polo — Herbertstein's map — The conquest of Siberia 

 by the Russians — Deschnev's voyages — Coast navigation between the Lena 

 and the Kolyma — Accounts of islands in the Polar Sea and old voyages to 

 them — The discovery of Kamchatka — The navigation of the Sea of Okotsk is 

 opened by Swedish prisoners-of-war — The Great Northern Expedition — 

 Behring — Schalaurov — Andreyev's Land — The New Siberian islands — 

 Hedenstrnm's expeditions— Anjou and Wrangel — Voyages from Behring's 

 Straits svestward — Fictitious Polar voyages . . . Pages 510—562 



CHAPTER XIV, 



Passage through Behring's Straits— Arrival at Nunamo — Scarce species of seal — 

 Rich vegetation — Passage to America — State of the ice — Port Clarence — The 

 Eskimo — Return to Asia — Konyam Bay — Natural conditions there — The ice 

 breaks up in the interior of Konyam Bay — St. Lawrence Island — Preceding 

 visits to the Island — Departure to Behring Island . . Pages 562 — 592 



