CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER. V. 



The history of the ISTorth-East Passage from 1556 to 1878— BuiToiigh, 1556 — Pet 

 and Jackmaii, 1580 — The first voyage of tlie Dutch, 1594 — Oliver Brunei — 

 The second voyage, 1595 — The third voyage, 1596 — Hudson, 1608 — Gourdon, 

 1611— Bosnian, 1625 — Dela Martiiiiere, 1653 — Vlamingh, 1664— Snohberger, 

 1675 — Roule reaches a land north of Novaya Zeialya — Wood and Flawes, 

 1676 — Discussion in England concerning the state' of the ice in the Polar Sea 

 — Views of the condition of the Polar Sea still divided — Payer and 

 Weyprecht, 1872-74 Pages 164—205 



CHAPTER VI. 



The North-east Voyages of the Russians and Norwegians — Rodivan Ivanov, 

 1690 — The Great Northern Expedition, 1734-37 — ^The supposed richness in 

 metals of Novaya Zemlya — Juschkov, 1757 — Savva Loschldn, 1760 — 

 Rossmuislov, 1768 — Lasarev, 1819— Liitke, 1821-24— Ivanov, 1822-28- 

 Pachtussov, 1832-35— Von Baer, 1837— Zivolka and Moissejev, 1838-39— 

 Von Ivrusenstern, 1860-62— The Origin and History of the Polar Sea 

 Hunting— Carlsen, 1868— Ed. Johannesen, 1869-70— Ulve, Mack, and 

 Quale, 1870 — Mack, 1871 —Discovery of the Relics of Barents' wintering 

 — Tobiesen's wintering, 1872-73— The Swedish Expeditions, 1875 and 1876 

 — Wiggins, 1876 — Later Voyages to and from the Yenisej Pages 205 — 242 



CHAPTER VII. 



Departure from Port Dickson — Landing on a rocky island east of the Yenisej — 

 Self-dead animals — Discovery of crystals on the surface of the drift-ice — 

 Cosmic dust — Stay in Actinia Bay — .Johannesen's discovery of the island 

 Ensamheten — Arrival at Cape Chelyuskin — The natural state of the land and 

 sea there — Attempt to penetrate right eastwards to the New Siberian Islands 

 — The effect of the mist — Abundant dredging-yield — Preobraschenie Island — 

 Separation from the Lena at the month of the river Lena. Pages 243- — 270 



CHAPTER VIII. 



Tiie voyage of the Fraser and the Express up the Yenisej and their return to 

 Norway — Contract for the piloting of the Lena up the Lena river — The 

 voyage of the Lena through the delta and up the river to Yakutsk — The 

 natural state of Siberia in general—The river territories — The fitness of the 

 land for cultivation and the necessity for improved communications — The 

 great rivers, the future commercial highwaj's of Siberia — Voj-age up the 

 Yenisej in 1875 — Sibiriakoff's Island — The tundra— '\^'he primeval Siberian 

 forest — The inhabitants of Western Siberia : the Russians, the Exiles, the 

 "Asiatics" — Ways of travelling on the Yenisej : dog-boats, floating trading 

 stores propelled by steam — New x^'osjiects for Siberia . Pages 270 — 300 



CHAPTER IX. 



The new Siberian Islands — The Mammoth — Discovery of Mammoth and 

 Rhinoceros mummies — Fossil Rhinoceros horns — Stolbovoj Island — Liachoff's 

 Island — First discovery of this island — Passage through the sound between 

 this island and the mainland — Animal life there — Formation of ice in water 

 above the freezing point — The Bear Islands — The quantity and dimensions 

 of the ice begin to increase — Different kinds of sea-ice — Renewed attempt to 

 leave the open channel along the coast — Lighthouse Island — Voyage along 

 the coast to Cape Schelagskoj — Advance delayed by ice, shoals, and fog 



