i.j WILLOUGHBY'S VOYAGE. 51 



tliey shouted in such sort, that the skie rang again with the noise 

 thereof." ^ All was joy and triumph ; it seemed as if men fore- 

 saw that the greatest maritime power, the history of the world 

 can show, was that day born. 



The voyage itself was, however, very disastrous for Sir Hugh 

 and many of his companions. After sailing along the east coast 

 of England and Scotland the three vessels crossed in company 

 to Norway, the coast of which came in sight the ffth July in 

 66° N. L, A landing was effected and thirty small houses were 

 found, whose inhabitants had fle;!, probably from fear of the 

 foreigners. The region was called, as was afterwards ascertained, 

 " Halgeland," and was just that part of Norway from which 

 Othere began his voyage to the White Sea. Hence they sailed 

 on along the coast. On the J^rS^ they anchored in a harbour, 

 " Stanfew " (perhaps Steenfjord on the west coast of Lofoten), 

 where they found a numerous and friendly population, with no 

 articles of commerce, however, but dried fish and train oil. In tlie 

 middle of September the Edivard Bonaventure, at Senjen during 

 a storm, parted company with the two other vessels. These now 

 endeavoured to reach Vardoehus, and therefore sailed backwards 

 and forwards in different directions, during which they came 

 among others to an uninhabited, ice-encompassed land, along 

 whose coast the sea was so shallow that it was impossible for 

 a boat to land. It was said to be situated 480' east by north 

 from Senjen, in 72° N. L.^ Hence they sailed first to the north, 

 then to the south-east. Thus they reached the coast of Russian 

 Lapland, where, on the f |th September they found a good 

 harbour, in which Sir Hugh determined to pass the winter. 

 The harbour was situated at the mouth of the river Arzina 

 " near Kegor." Of the further fate of Sir Hugh Willoughby and 



^ " Vibrantur bombardarum fulmina, TartarifB volvuntur nubes, Mavtem 

 sonant crepitacula, reboant summa montium juga, reboant valles, reboant 

 undffi, claraque Nautarum percellit sydera clamor." Clement Adams' 

 account. — Hakluyt, p. 272. 



- At the time when the whale-fishing at Spitzbergen commenced, 

 Thomas Edge, a captain of one of the Muscovy Company's vessels, endea- 

 voured to show that the land which Willoughby discovered while sailing 

 about after parting company with Cliancelor was Spitzbergen (Purchas, 

 iii. p. 462). The statement, which was evidently called forth by the wish 

 to monopolise the Spitzbergen whale-fishing for England, can be shown 

 to be incorrect. It has also for a long time back been looked upon as 

 groundless. Later inquirers have instead supposed that the land wliich 

 Willoughby saw was Gooseland, on Novaya Zemlya. For reasons which 

 want of space prevents me from stating here, this also does not appear to 

 me to be possible. On the other hand, I consider it highly probable that 

 " Willoughby's Land" was Kolgujev Island, which is surrounded by 

 shallow sand-banks. Its latitude lias indeed in that case been stated 2° 

 too high, but such errors are not impossible in the determinations of the 

 oldest explorers. 



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