VI.] 



YON KRUSENSTERN'S VOYAGE. 



217 



the ueiglibourhood of warm marine currents and of a sea open 

 all the year round at a short distance from the coast. 



With this unfortunate and to all appearance ill-arranged 

 expedition the Russian Novaya Zemlya. voyages ceased for a 

 long time. For before the beQ-inuinfj of the Norwegian huntinsf 

 we have only two other Russian voyages to notice in our sketch 

 of the history of the North East passage. 



The first of these owed its origin to the desire of the captain 

 of a Russian man-of-war, Paul von Keusenstern, to under- 

 take a voyage in the Polar Sea in a schooner, the Yerniak, 

 which belonged to him and which was for the time lying at the 

 Petchora, in order to survey the coasts lying to the eastward. 

 He intended himself to undertake the command, and to take 



AUGUST KARLOVITZ ZIVOLKA. 



Born in ISIO at Warsaw ; died in 1839 on Novaya Zemlya. 

 (After a pen-and-ink drawing communicated by Herr Paul Dasclikoff.) 



with him as second in command his son Paul von Keusenstern. 

 lieutenant in the Russian marine. The latter was sent before 

 to equip the Ycrniak, which he did with wonderful judgment 

 and skill, in the best way possible, in a region where at that 

 time nearly every requisite for the equipment of a vessel was 

 wanting. The elder Krusenstern was unable to reach the place 

 of sailing in time, on which account the command was given to 

 the son. 



He left the mouth of the Petchora on the -^tFAug') I860. 

 Three days after he reached the Kara port, which was completely 



