VI.] NOVAYA ZEMLYA CIRCUMNAVIGATED, 227 



Zemlya would certainly entitle him to a gold medal from the 

 same famous scientific institution that had given him the silver 

 medal. I myself travelled the following summer, in 1870, to 

 Greenland, and returned thence late in autumn. I then had 

 the pleasure of receiving from Captain Johanuesen a new paper, 

 afterwards inserted in the Ofversigt, of the transactions of the 

 Royal Academy of Sciences for the year 1871, p. 157, "Hydro- 

 grafiske lakttagelser under en Fangsttour 1870 rundt ora Novaja 

 Zemlja." Johannesen now as on the first occasion sailed back- 

 wards and forwards along the west coast of Novaya Zemlya, 

 then through the Kara Port, which was passed on the 12th July. 

 He then followed the east coast of Vaygats to Mestni Island, 

 where he came in contact with Samoyeds, in connection with 

 which he makes the remark, certainly quite unexpected by 

 philologists, that in the language of the Samoyeds "certain 

 Norwegian words were recognised." Their exterior was not 

 at all attractive. The}' had flat noses, their eyes were dread- 

 fully oblique, and many had also oblique mouths. The men 

 received the foreigners drawn up in a row, with the Avomen 

 in the second rank. All were very friendly. On the 11th 

 August he was on the coast of Yalmal in 71° 48' N.L., whence 

 he sailed over to Novaya Zemlya in order to take on board wood 

 nnd water. He anchored in the neighbourhood of Udde Bay in 

 73° 48' N.L., and saw there twenty wild reindeer. Then he 

 sailed again over the Kara Sea to Yalmal. 



During these cruisings in the Kara Sea the summer had 

 passed. Johannesen's vessel was now full, but notwithstanding 

 this he determined, at a season of the year when the walrus- 

 hunters commonly return to Norway, to see whether the offered 

 prize could not be won into the bargain. The course was shaped 

 first to the north-east, then westward to the north coast of 

 Novaya ZemJya, which was reached on the 3rd September. The 

 whole sea here was open, which Johannesen, on the ground 

 of finding Norwegian fishing-net floats among the driftwood, 

 attributed to the action of the Gulf Stream. Hence he returned 

 to Norway, after having completed a voyage which some years 

 before all geographical authorities would have considered an 

 impossibility. I need scarcely mention that the Academy in 

 Stockholm redeemed the promise which one of its members had 

 given without the necessary authority. Johannesen was then 

 twenty-six years old. Son of a skilful hunter, he had from his 

 childhood taken part in Arctic voyages, and thus grown up in 

 the employment to which he had devoted himself. 



The same year several other walrus-hunters also made remark- 

 able voyages in the Kara Sea, Captain E. A. Ulve first sailed 

 along the west coast of Novaya Zemlya to 76° 47' N.L,, then 

 back to jMatotschkin Scliar, through which he passed on the 



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