XI.] KOLYUTSCHIN BAY. 421 



he returned, quite exhausted after eight hours' walking in deep 

 water-drenched snow under a perceptible solar heat. The 

 results of the excursion were in all respects exceedingly good, 

 not only in consequence of a number of finds in natural history, 

 but also through the discovery that the shore of Kolyutschin 

 Bay runs three-quarters of a mile south-west of Yettugin's tent, 

 which was situated in 66° 42' 4" North Lat., and 186° 24' 0" 

 Long., east from Greenwich. Dr. Almquist had walked four or five 

 miles along the eastern shore of the bay, which at most places is 

 perpendicular with a height of fifteen metres. In consequence 

 of this discovery we determined to continue our hydrographical 

 observations as far as the bottom of the bay, which, according to 

 Yettugin's account, was two days' march from the tent. But we 

 could not carry out our plan in consequence of our guide's 

 laziness, for he declared that on no conditions would he 

 accompany us farther. Neither entreaties nor threats availed 

 to disturb this his resolution. I endeavoured myself to drive the 

 sledges, but the dogs would not move out of the spot, though, 

 following Rotschitlen's system, I thrashed them very soundly. 



" The place where Yettugin's tent was pitched offered us a 

 view of an extensive snow-plain, which was enclosed on all sides 

 by high hi^ls. In the north and north-east Table Mount and 

 the Tenen hill keep off the north winds, and to the south the 

 encampment is protected by a long and high mountain chain 

 from the winds coming from that quarter. I calculated the 

 height of some of the mountains at from 1200 to 1500 metres, 

 and their azure-blue colour furrowed by dark lines appears to 

 me to indicate the presence of ice on the slopes. One of the 

 summits of this mountain chain was easily recognisable. It was 

 a truncated cone, perhaps 1500 metres high. Kolyutschin Bay 

 lies between these mountains and Yettugin's tent. Its western 

 shore also appears to rise perpendicularly from the sea, and it is 

 higher than the eastern. The bay, which appears to be much 

 larger than it is represented on the maps, was covered with level 

 ice ; only here and there a piece of ice covered with snow was 

 seen sticking up. 



" As we were forced to desist from visiting the interior of Koly- 

 utschin Bay, we determined to go to the ground whereYettugin's 

 reindeer pastured. We therefore left the tent on the evening 

 of the 15th and travelled E.N.E. The warmth, which had now 

 commenced, began to make travelling over snow fields difficult ; 

 the dogs sank to the stomach, and not unfrequently we had to 

 alight in order to help the poor animals to climb the hills we were 

 obliged to ascend. Scarcely however had they come to the 

 reindeer tracks before even the most exhausted of them rushed 

 along at the top of their speed, which might be pleasant 

 enough uphill, but when they were coming down it was very 



