XIV.] 



SURVEY OF BEH RING'S STRAITS. 



58:? 



\ations made during the passage, from which we see how 

 shallow is the sound which in the northernmost part of the 

 Pacific separates the Old World from the New. An elevation 

 (jf the land less than that which has taken place since the 

 glacial period at the well-known Chapel Hills at XJddevalla would 

 evidently be sufficient to unite the two worlds Avith each other 

 by a broad bridge, and a corresponding depression would have 

 been enough to separate them if, as is probable, they were at 

 one time continuous. The diagram shows besides that the 

 deepest channel is quite close to the coast of the Chlikch 

 Peninsula, and that that channel contains a mass of cold water, 



PIAGRAM, 



Showing the Temperature and Depth of the water at Behring's Straits between Port Clarence 



and Senjavin Sound. 

 By G. BovB. 



MX 8 e. m. 



28 July, 1879 



Lat. "fi^OO' 



Long. 170°o8' 



4 e. m. UD S f. m. 4 f ni. 



170°17' 



fio°'0' 65-04' 

 16y 47' 16S°52' 



Temperature at the surface. 



,, at " depth of 30 metres. 



„ at the bottom. 



65 'OS' 

 l{j!S°24' 



MN 8 e. m. 



July, 1879 27 July, 1S7 



66^12' '65°17' 



16S°01' 166°47' 







50 100 150 200 



1 I I I 



Depth in metres. 



le 



which is separated by a ridge from the wanner water on tl 

 American side. 



If we examine a map of Siberia we shall find, as I have 

 already pointed out, that its coasts at mcjst places are straight, 

 and are thus neither indented with deep fjords surrounded with 

 high mountains like the west coast of Norway, nor protected 

 by an archipelago of islands like the greater i)art of the coasts 

 of Scandina\'ia and Finland. Certain pai'ts of the Chukch 

 Peninsula, especially its south-eastern portion, form the only 

 exception to this rule. Several small fjords here cut into 



