INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ALBATROSS. 251 



from 100 to 150 feet in lieiglit to Nusliagak. The usual aucborage is 

 from a mile to a mile and a half above Clark Point. Ekuk is an Eskimo 

 village located on the bluff about 3 miles below the point. The west side 

 is generally lower, but from Coftce Point to the northward bluffs rise 

 from 50 to 200 feet. 



The reeonnaissanoe of the Lower Nushagak was made during the few 

 days we were detained in the river. The i)rincipal points are located 

 by triangulatiou and Clark Point by astronomical observations. The 

 reduction of soundings to low water depended upon the tides during our 

 stay. It is to be regretted that we Avere unable to extend the soundings 

 to the west shore. 



The Nushagak Packing Company have a cannery at Clark Point, 

 and there are three others, also a trading station, on the river, the 

 latter at Nushagak, formerly (tailed Fort Alexander. Vessels of mod- 

 erate draft can reach the canneries and with a little care find anchor- 

 age with sufficient water even during the lowest tides. The timber 

 line is well defined about 3 miles below the mouth of Wood Eiver and 

 extends to tlie westward as far as the eye can reach. The weather was 

 pleasant during our stay, and from all reports there is less fog in the 

 Nushagak than in any other part of ]>ering Sea. 



Clark Point, foot of bluff, is in latitude 58° 49' 14" N. and longitude 

 158° 31' 43.9" W. High water, full and change, 00^^ 53'" 00^ (approxi- 

 mate); rise, 24 feet; variation, 23^ 40' E. 



Cape Constantine, the southeast extremity of land at the entrance 

 to the Kushagak, is very low, and shoals extend 10 or 12 miles to the 

 southward and eastward, making its approach in thick weather very 

 dangerous. There is said to be a channel between the cape and the 

 first shoal, but the report requires verification. The coast increases 

 in height to the westward of the cape, the headlands in Kulukak and 

 Togiak bays reaching an altitude of 5O0 feet or more. 



The Walrus Grouj) is composed of three islands and three rocks, all 

 above water, extending 16 miles east and west and about 6 miles north 

 and south, liound Island, the easternmost of the group, lies W. ^ S., 

 3G miles from Cape Constantine. It is very nearly 2 miles in length, 

 three-quarters of a mile wide, and about 800 feet high, its west end being 

 in latitude 58° 30' 09" N. and longitude 159° 57' 51.7" W. Crooked 

 Island is between 4 and 5 miles in length and 2 miles at its greatest 

 width. The eastern part is rather low, but toward the western extrem- 

 ity the elevation is nearly equal to that of liound Island. There is 

 quite a large bay on the northeast side, but we did not examine it. 

 High Island, the westernmost of the group, is 4 miles in length, about 

 a mile in width, and 900 feet or more in height. 



The Twins, 4 miles to the southward of Crooked Island, are two iso- 

 lated rocks the larger 300 and the smaller 100 feet in height. Black 

 Eock, about 150 feet high, lies 1 mile to the northward of the south 

 end of Crooked Island. No other outlying dangers were seen in pass- 

 ing between the islands and the mainland. From G to 10 fathoms were 



