430 RKrOKT OF COMMISSIONER OF FI^^II AND FISHERIES. 



Sul>r;miily XI.— Kvi'in isinak. 



{IIei)>ivor<)iis SpariiUv, with incisor-like teeth in the jaws, no molar 

 teeth, and with the "soft I'ays of VfU'tical lins densely scaly; 

 intestinal canal lony witli many i)yl<)ric (-(eea.) 



Body oblonj; or ovate, coni])ressed, covered with small scales; similar scales envel- 

 opinjr soft ])art8 of vcrlical fins and more or h^ss encroaching on tlie head; month 

 small, with the anterior teeth more or less incisor-like; no molars; villirorm teeth on 

 palatines and usnally on vomer and tonj^ne; preorhital narrow. Intestinal canal 

 very long, with nnmei'ons jiylorie cu'ca. 



Herbivorons shore fishes, chietly of the Pacific 0<ean. 



a. Top of head as far hack as posterior margin of eyes naked; incisor te<'th narrow, 

 ecjual, rounded, with no smaller teeth behind them; no teeth on 

 vomer or t<mgne; spinous dorsal much longer than soft dorsal; soft 



anal higher and shorter than soft dorsal Hkij.musili.a, 42. 



art. Top of head as well as sides and jawa closely scaled; broad bands of teeth 

 behind the incisors; villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue; 

 dorsal 8])ines low; incisor teeth lanceolate. 

 b. Incisor teeth strong, with horizontal, backward-projecting roots; soft dorsal 



and anal not elevated KYriiosrjs, 43. 



bb. Incisor teeth very narrow, without evident roots. 



c. Anal tin short, 3J in length of body, its rays iii, 19; dorsal spines gradually 

 increasing in height to the sixth, then decreasing backward; soft 

 dorsal and anal not falcate; iireoi)ercle slightly serrate; teeth nar- 

 row but evidently compressed Mkdiahxa, 44. 



cc. Anal fin long, 2\ in length of body, its rays about iii, 25; dorsal spines 

 graduated, increasing in height to the last; soft dorsal and anal not 

 falcate ; teeth cylindrical (?) C.esiosoma, 45. 



Subfamily Xll. — Aplodactyun.'e. 



(ilerbivorous >S/)f()(VZfr, with the vertebral and dorsal rays in increased 

 number, the lower pectoral rays simple, not branched; jaws 

 Avith ilat incisor teeth in front, and no molar teeth; the tins 

 sejjarate.) 



I?ody oblong, compressed, with very small scales; checks and opercles scaly; 

 mf)utli small, little protractile; jaws with one or more series of Hat incisors, which 

 arc usually 3 to 5 cuspid; a band of small cardiform teeth behind these in the 

 ujiper jaw; teeth sometinu-s present on the vomer; opercles unarmed; cheek and 

 opercles scaly; six lower rays of pectoral simple; dorsal lins separate, both very 

 long, th(! lirst of 15 to 18 spines, the second of 18 to 21 soft rays; anal (in short; 

 vertical lins scaly at base; intestiiu's long, with 2 to 1 ])yloric co^ca; vertebra- in 

 increased numlxtr (said to ))o 16 + 18—34 in Aplodttctijhix arrtidcns). 



Sjiecies few, inhabiting the South Temperate /one of the Pacific Ocean, the 

 increased number of vertebra- apparently according with their dwelling in cooler 

 waters. The sjx-cies are referred to a single genus, which resembles Girclln in the 

 f(n-m of the head ami in d(Mitition, l>ut differs in the technical characters mentioned 

 above. 



a. Pectoral with (i simpl(^ rays; dorsal spines 15 to 17 Ai'LOUACTVLUiS, 46. 



