SPAROID FISHES OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. 477 



with the types of 11. ('hrysargyreuiii, the fonuer name having been 

 given to the young. Specimens are in the Museum at Cambridge from 

 Havana and St. Thomas. In the Britisli Museum, we have seen exam- 

 ples from Trinidad (types), St. Croix, and Fernando de ISToronha. 



46. HiEMULON RIMATOR. (Tom-tate; Redmouth Grunt; Cccsar.) 



Hamiiloii cliry.sojitcniii, Cuv. A Val., V, 1830, 240 (brought by Milbert from New York ; 



erroneously id euti lied with Pcrca chrysoptcralj., whieh i.s an OrthoprisHs)] 



DeKay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, 85, pi. vii, f. 22 (Now York market) ; 



Holbrook, Ichth. S. Car., 121, 1860 (Charleston). 

 Eo'imdon vlirynopicrum, Giinther, i, 313, 1859 (Jamaica; Trinidad). 

 Baihystoma clirysopfcrttm, rutnam, Bull. M. C. Z., 13, 1863 (name <mly). 

 Diabasis chrysoptcrns, Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 18S3, 553; Beau, Cat. Fish. 



London Exh., 1883. 58 (Pensacola). 

 Hcrmulou qiutdriUnealiim, Holbrook, Ichth. S. Car., 1860, 195 (Charleston; not of Cuv. 



&. Yal.). 

 Havudon ? catidiniacula, Poey, Syn. Pise. Cub., 1875, 47 (Cuba; not of Cuv. & Val.). 

 H amnion parrcv, Poey, Enum. Pise. Cub,, 1875,47 {not Diabasis parrw Desm.). 

 Diabasis auroUueaius, Jordan &, Gilbert, Proc. U. S.N. M. 1882,276,307 (Pensacola); 



ibid, 1882, 602 (CJharleston) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N, A., 973, 1883; 



Bean, Cat. Fishes London Exh., 1883, 58 (Pensacola); Jordan, Proc. U. S. 



N. M. 1884, 126 (Key West; not Ha'mulon aurolineatum, Cuv. & Yal.). 

 Hccmulon rimafor (Jordan &. Swain, MS.), Bean, Proc. U. S. N. M. 1884, 158 (Jamaica) ; 



Jordan & Swain, 1. c, 308. 



Habitat: West Indies; I^orth Carolina to Trinidad ; ajjparently more 

 abundant on our South Atlantic coast than southward. 



Etymology: Bimator, inquirer. 



This species is very common about Charleston, where it is one of the 

 most abundant food-fishes. About Pensacola and Key West the adult 

 are less numerous, but at the latter place the young swarm everywhere 

 about the wharves and shores. At Key West it is known as " Tom- 

 tate." From its small size (rarely a toot in length) it is held in low 

 esteem, and is not often brought into the market. It was not observed 

 by Prof. Jordan at Havana. A specimen in our collection, sent by Prof. 

 S. E. Meek from the New York market, is said to be from North Carolina. 



The synonymy of this species has been much confused, although most 

 of the confusion has been unnecessary. The name clirysopterum has 

 been generally applied to the present species. This name comes from 

 the Ferca chrysoptera of Linna?us. This Ferca clirysoptera was based 

 on a specimen sent from Charleston by Dr. Garden. This specimen is 

 still preserved in London, and it belongs, according to Dr. Bean, who 

 has examined it, to the species called by Cuvier Fristipoma fulvomacu- 

 latum. This si)ecies should therefore be known as OrthoprisUs chrysop- 

 tcrxis. With this Ferca chrysoptera Linnteus wrongly associates the 

 margate-fish of Catesby, which is Hccmulon album. Cuvier has identi- 

 fied both Catesby's fish and the Linnaean Ferca chrysoptera with the 

 present species, which he calls Hicniulon chrysopteron. It is evident 



