SPAROID FISHES OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. 507 



aa. First and second dorsal spines very short, their length about 3 in eye; third, 

 fourth, and fifth more or less filamentous, the third longer than head. Tem- 

 poral crest rudimentary, persisting in a swelling on the basal portion of the 

 siipraoccipital ; antrorse spine attached directly to the interneural; no down- 

 ward projecting part evident. Body subovate, the back anteriorly much ele- 

 vated, the depth about half the length to base of caudal ; anterior profile steep 

 and straightish, convex on najio and above eye; supraoccipital crest making a 

 sharp angle over eye with a i)orous gibbous portion of the frontal bones ; snout 

 shoi't, about 2 in head; eye large, a little less than width of preorbital, about 

 3i in head ; anterior teeth of jaws small, in a close-set l)and, the outer series a 

 little enlarge<l, compressed and lanceolate, much as in .S^. chrysops; molars in 

 two rows ; dorsal spines very broad and fiat ; scales on the anterior jiart of body 

 much enlarged; anterior row of scales on cheek much enlarged, extending to 

 level of pupil, about 12 scales in the first series; scaly sheath at base of soft 

 dorsal and anal very conspicuous ; pectoral a little longer tlmu head, 2|- in 

 body; caudal lin little forked, the middle ray about 1^ in longest ray. Color 

 light olive; silvery below ; the young with faint, very narrow darker bars. 

 Head, 3i ; depth, 2; D. xii, 12; A. iii, 12. Scales 5-50-15 Caprinus, 96. 



94. STENOTOMUS ACULEATUS. (Southern Porgy.) 

 Chrysojyltrys acnlcata Cuv. & Val , vi, 137, 1830 (Charleston). 



Habitat: South Atlantic aud Gulf coasts of the United States. 

 Etymology: Aculeatua, spined. 



This species closely resembles the northern scnp, which it more or less 

 replaces southward. Our specimens are from Charleston. 



95. STENOTOMUS CHRYSOPS. (Scup; Porgy; Scuppaug.) 



Spams cltrysojis LiinnivuH, Syst. Nat., ed. xii, 1766, 471 (Charleston). 

 S])arits argyrops Liunanis, Syst. Nat., ed. xii, 1766, 471 (Charleston; young). 

 Spanis xanthurtis Laccjiede, Hist. Nat., Poiss., IV, 120, 1803 (after aryyrops). 

 Lahrus versicolor Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc, i, 464, 1815. 

 Saryus amhassis GUnther, i, 449, 1859. 



Habitat: Atlantic coast of the United States from Cape Cod to 

 South Carolina. 



l<]tymolooy : yj^urroq, gold ; ax/-^ eye. 



This sj^ecies is one of the commonest food-fishes of our Atlantic coast. 

 According- to Dr. Bean, who has examined Linna'us' original types, both 

 ehrysoips and anjyrops were based on exam])les of tliis species. 



96. STENOTOMUS CAPRINUS. 



Stenoiomns caprinus P.ean, Proc. IT. S. N. M. 1882 (Snapper P.anks, Pensac(da). 



Habitat: Deep waters off the west coast of Florida. 



Etymology: CVfj>r/>(«.s', like a goat, the species having* been sent in 

 under the name of "goat-head porgy," which was a misunderstanding 

 of the name of "jolt-head ]>orgy," Avhich is (hilamus hajonailo. 



This species is as yet known only front numerous examples taken 

 from the stomachs of snappers {Lufja.nii.s) and groupers {Ejnnephehis) 

 on the Florida snapper banks. 



