SEA-BIRD NUMBERS AND MAN 59 



in Germany in 1939 (Schulz, 1947); ^^.250 in Holland in 1949 (van Ijzen- 

 doorn, 1950); a few occasionally on the Belgian border (Verheyen, 1951); 

 C.30 in England in 1941. 



Herring-gull, c.27,500 in Holland in 1938 (van Ijzendoorn, 1950); 28,569 

 on North Sea coast of Germany in 1939 (Schulz, 1947); under 9,000 in 

 Maine in c.1900, c. 16,500 in 1921, f:.25,ooo in 1931 (Norton in Palmer, 



1949)- 



Lesser blackback, i in Germany 1927-28, c.6 in 1938-47 (Schulz, 1947); 

 colonised Holland since 1926, not more than 50 (van Ijzendoorn). 



Great blackback, c. 1,1 00 in England and Wales in 1930 (Harrisson and 

 Hurrell, 1933); c.20 in Denmark in 1941 (F. Salomonsen, 1943); 16 on 

 Bear Island in 1948 (Duffey and Sergeant, 1950); 3 in United States in 

 1928, at least 1,250 in 1944 (A. O. Gross, 1945). 



Laughing gull, c.25 in Maine in 1860-70, i, 2, 3 or 4 from c. 1884 to ^.1918, 

 C.150 in 1931, 1936, C.250 in 1937-38, c^oo in 1940, c.50 in 1941, none 

 since. (Palmer, 1949); in Western U.S. 2 in 1928 (Miller and van 

 Rossem, 1929). 



Black-headed gull, 35,000 in England and Wales in 1938 (P. A. D. Hollom, 



1940, S. Marchant, 1952). 



Little gull, 15 in Holland in 1942, 18 in 1943, 13 in 1944, i or 2 in 1945, 

 <:.8 in 1949 (van Ijzendoorn). 



Kittiwake, 6,000 to 8,000 in England in late 1940's (J. Fisher, from literature 

 and notes); 11 in Denmark in 1941, 15 in 1942, 124 in 1946 (Salomonsen, 



1941, Loppenthin, 1948); 1-3 in Germany in 1938-39 (R. Drost, 1939); 

 24,400 in Newfoundland in 1941-45 (Peters and Burleigh); probably 

 t.10,000 in Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1940 (H. F. Lewis, 1941b and others). 



Black tern, 8 in Britain in 1941, 5 in 1942 (R. Cooke, 1946); none in other 

 recent years. 



Whiskered tern, 8 in Holland in 1938, 9 in 1945 (invasions; van Ijzendoorn). 



White-winged black tern, i in Belgium in 1937 (R. Verheyen, 1951). 



Gull-billed tern, i in Holland in 1931, i in 1944, 2 in 1945, 3 in 1949 (van 

 Ijzendoorn) . 



Caspian tern, 300 in Germany in 1819, 25 in 1874, none since 1918; 7 in 

 California in 1922, 296 in 1930, 378 in 1943 (A. H. Miller, 1943); c.200 in 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1884 (M. A. Frazar, 1887), 30-55 between 1925 

 and 1940 (H. F. Lewis, 1941b.), 45 in 1945 (O. H. Hewitt, 1950). 



Common tern, c. 4,450 in Maine in 1931-36 (Palmer, 1949); c. 15,000 in 

 Cape Cod region of Massachusetts in 1930-44 (O. L. Austin, 1946) ; 

 15,000-16,000 in Germany in 1939 (Schulz) ; c. 19,000 in 'de Beer' sanctuary, 

 Hook of Holland, in 1939 (van Ijzendoorn); doubtful whether in any year 



