SEA-BIRD MOVEMENTS I53 



four grey phalaropes have also been found in New Zealand — the only 

 West Pacific records south of Japan. 



In the east Pacific both species travel down the western seaboard 

 of the United States, and have been recorded as stragglers to Hawaii. 

 The red-necked phalarope appears to have a winter sea-headquarters 

 off the coast of Peru, though elements certainly carry on to Patagonia 

 and have been found inland in Bolivia and Argentina. The grey 

 phalarope appears to disperse more over the ocean, having been found 

 in the Galapagos Islands, and having been seen by Poul Jespersen 

 (1933) many times on a voyage from Panama to the Marquesas. A 

 headquarters appears to be off the coast of Chile, farther south than 

 that of the red-necked phalarope. The species has been seen on the 

 other side of South America up the River Plate, and probably in the 

 Falkland Islands. 



On the west side of the Atlantic the situation seems really mysterious. 

 Ludlow Griscom (1939) who has studied the migrations of both species 

 off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, for a number of years, comments that 

 more red-necked (northern) phalaropes use this route than grey (red) 

 phalaropes. However, he has seen a thousand grey phalaropes in a 

 day (19 April 1938), moving north at a time some weeks before the 

 normal movement of red-necks. Up to a quarter of a million red- 

 necks gather in early August between Eastport and Grand Manan 

 in the Bay of Fundy, and flocks of a thousand or more arc occasionally 

 seen off the Massachusetts coast. But farther south the phalaropes 

 disappear into limbo; both species are recorded as far as Florida, 

 and there are a few records of both on or near the north shore of the 

 Gulf of Mexico. From the entire West Indies and the Caribbean Sea 

 there is not one record of either species of phalarope. Do the W'est 

 Atlantic phalaropes mainly winter off the New England coast ? 

 Probably not. Do they only straggle farther south ? Or do they cross 

 to West Mexico and pursue their way to western South America ? 

 Or what ? 



In the open North Atlantic away from the coast phalaropes have 

 been encountered at sea in many transects, notably those of Jespersen, 

 Mayr, AVynne-Edwards, Rankin and Duffey. None of the observers 

 has felt sure enough to decide which species he was observing, though 

 it seems clear that at least some, if not all, were grey: the records have 

 been plotted on the grey phalarope's map. The red-necked phalarope 

 has been recorded once from Bermuda and once from the Azores, but 

 otherwise was unknown from, the central and eastern Atlantic south 



