BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 4! 
Tables 1 and 2 show the temperature® and density conditions encountered during 
the August observations. Chart 211 represents the surface and bottom temperatures 
for each station, the figure used being in each case the earliest one taken. The following 
generalized statements may be made regarding these figures: 
(1) The greatest extremes of temperature recorded are 71.5° and 55.0°, giving 
a range of 16.5° within the limits of the region. 
(2) The surface temperatures average 2.21° higher than the bottom temperatures, 
the differences increasing as we pass toward the western end of Vineyard Sound and 
the lower end of Buzzards Bay. The mean figures (based upon all the figures of the 
tables) are surface 66.04°, and bottom 63.83°. 
(3) Buzzards Bay contains warmer water than Vineyard Sound, the mean figures 
being 67.93° (surface) and 66.19° (bottom) for the Bay, and 64.70° (surface) and 62.28° 
(bottom) for the Sound. 
(4) In both Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, both at the surface and the bottom, 
there is a steady decrease in temperature as we pass from northeast to southwest; i. e., 
toward the open ocean. 
In Buzzards Bay the maximum surface temperature (71.5°) was found near the 
head, while the minimum (64.8°) occurred off Cuttyhunk. The maximum bottom 
temperature also occurred at the head of the Bay, where surface and bottom waters 
were practically of equal warmth. A minimum of 60.2° was found off Cuttyhunk, 
just at the mouth of the Bay. 
@ We have very reluctantly decided to employ the Fahrenheit scale in the present work, for the following reasons: Our in- 
struments, and practically all those in use by the Bureau of Fisheries, are graduated in this scale. Moreover, im past American 
hydrographic work temperatures have usually, if not always, been expressed in Fahrenheit degrees. We should, however, have 
employed the centigrade scale, despite the foregoing considerations, were it not for the fact that our temperature charts were 
drawn before due consideration was given to this matter; and it does not seem worth while to change them now, particularly 
as plates have already been prepared from some of them. For the convenience of those who are more familiar with the centi- 
grade scale we append a conversion table: 
TABLE FOR CONVERSION OF FAHRENHEIT TO CENTIGRADE DEGREES. 
eee Centigrade. greta Centigrade. F aaa Centigrade. F aoe Centigrade. F a Centigrade. 
° ° ° °o ° ° ° ° ° ° 
+80 +26. 67 +69 +20. 56 +58 +14- 44 +47 +8. 33 +37 +2. 78 
79 26. 11 68 20. 00 57 13. 89 46 7-78 36 2.22 
78 25-56 67 19. 44 56 13-33 45 7-22 35 1.67 
77 25-00 66 18. 89 55 12. 78 44. 6. 67 34 Ep a 
76 24.44 65 18. 33 54 12. 22 43 6.11 33 o. 56 
75 23- 89 64 17-78 53 II. 67 42 5- 56 32 ©. 00 
74 23-33 63 17.22 52 EZ. II 41 5. 00 31 —o. 56 
73 22.78 62 16. 67 51 10. 56 40 4: 44 30 —1.1r 
72 22.22 61 16. 11 50 10. 00 39 3- 89 29 —1.67 
7 21.67 60 15-56 49 9: 44 | 38 3-33 28 —2:22 
