BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 103, 
Desor, in 1848, described two species of Bryozoa (Bugula turrita and Membranipora 
tenuis) which were collected by him in the vicinity of Nantucket. 
Verrill, in the report upon the invertebrates of Vineyard Sound, listed 33 species of 
Bryozoa, of which 27 determined species and several doubtful ones were recorded for 
specified points within the limits of the Woods Hole region. Only one of our local species 
was there described for the first time. In subsequent papers Verrill added a consider- 
able number of new Bryozoa to the fauna of the deeper waters off the American coast, 
but not more than 5 of these last fall within the limits embraced by the present report. 
Nickerson (1898) added a single species of endoproct (Loxosoma davenporti) to our 
local fauna, this being first described from specimens taken by him at Cotuit Harbor. 
So far as we know this is the only addition which has been made to Verrill’s lists of 
Bryozoa down to the time of the present Survey. 
Whiteaves catalogues 115 species of Bryozoa for the waters of eastern Canada. Of 
these species, 45 (+2?), or about 40 per cent, have been recorded from the Woods Hole 
region. On the other hand, these 47 species which are common to the two lists 
constitute nearly 60 per cent of the number comprised in our own catalogue. 
The Plymouth list records the occurrence of 103(+1?) members of this group, a 
number which is also considerably in excess of that recorded for the Woods Hole region. 
About 30 per cent of the Plymouth species (about 40 per cent, therefore, of the Woods 
Hole species) are common to the two lists. 
Herdman catalogues 136 species of Bryozoa (along with many varieties) for the 
Irish Sea; while Graeffe has recorded 56 species for the Gulf of Triest. 
It is scarcely likely that these figures give us any accurate idea of the relative rep- 
resentation of this phylum in the respective areas of sea bottom. It is not at all prob- 
able that the search for these organisms has been equally exhaustive at the various 
points named, and it is certain that the areas explored are far from being comparable in 
magnitude (see p. 87). We may assert in full confidence that the extension of our own 
dredging operations to the 50-fathom line would have very greatly increased our list of 
Bryozoa. 
The average number of species per dredge haul recorded for the stations of the 
regular series was 2.9. The species having the most general distribution was Bugula 
turrita, which was present at 255 (more than half) of the dredging stations. Those 
which were encountered so frequently as to be taken at one-fourth or more of the total 
number of stations are: 
Bugula turrita (255 stations). 
Crisia eburnea (201 stations). 
Schizoporella unicornis (197 stations). 
Smittia trispinosa nitida (163 stations). 
Representatives of this group are to be found attached to almost every sort of solid 
object within the waters of our region. Upon stones and shells they form calcareous 
incrustations, which may be white, gray, yellow, or red in color, and are often many 
layers in thickness. Such are Smitiia trispinosa nitida and various species of Schizopo- 
rella, Membranipora, and Lepralia. 
Other calcareous forms (Cellepora americana, Schizoporella unicornis, and S. biaperta) 
give rise to coral-like nodules or foliaceous expansions upon Hydrozoa, alge, or other 
Bryozoa. Erect, hydroid-like colonies, such as those of Bugula, Bicellaria, or Crisia, 
