BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 463 
dredged in 1 to 19 fathoms attached tostones. It isa very common epiphyte on Chorda, 
Chondrus, and Phyllophora, and on Zostera. ‘The species is present in both the cool 
and warm-water sublittoral formations. 
Ceramium fastigiatum is frequently abundant on Zostera and on larger alge, such as 
Phyllophora, and sometimes on stones; it was dredged in 2 to 7 fathoms. Ceramium 
strictum and C. tenuissimum are also common on Zostera and on larger alge, and occa- 
sionally on stones; they were dredged in 2 to 15 fathoms. These three species have a 
scattered and probably wide distribution in sheltered regions of the Bay and Sound, 
but are not present in abundance; they belong to the warm-water sublittoral forma- 
tion (8B). 
(34) THE GRIFFITHSIA ASSOCIATIONS. 
Griffithsia Bornetiana is common in the summer in the more sheltered portions of the 
Bay and Sound (chart 241). The species is an epiphyte on larger alge, such as Chondrus 
and Phyllophora, and was dredged in 2 to 15 fathoms (most plentiful between 3 and 6 
fathoms) ; it is a conspicuous member of the warm-water sublittoral formation (B). 
Griffithsia tenuis has a distribution restricted to the extreme upper portion of 
Buzzards Bay (chart 242), where it may be found in large patches loosely attached over 
sandy and muddy bottoms in 2 to 4 fathoms. It is a striking species in these sheltered 
regions (that support comparatively little algal vegetation), evidently preferring warm 
waters. 
(35) THE PLUMARIA ASSOCIATION. 
Plumaria elegans is restricted to exposed situations, such as Gay Head and Sow and 
Pigs (chart 243). There it is abundant as an epiphyte on Chondrus and Phyllophora 
over sandy and stony bottoms in 3 to 17 fathoms. It is one of the most characteristic 
species of the cool-water sublittoral formation (A). 
(36) THE SEIROSPORA ASSOCIATION. 
Seirospora Griffiihsiana is sometimes very common on stones, shells, Zostera, and 
larger alge in 3 to ro fathoms. It has a scattered distribution in both Bay and Sound, 
and is frequently present in the warm-water sublittoral formation (B). 
(37) THE SPERMOTHAMNION ASSOCIATION. 
Spermothamnion Turnert is very abundant as an epiphyte on such algze as Chondrus, 
Phyllophora, and Polyides in 1 to 17 fathoms, over sandy, shelly, stony, and muddy 
bottoms. It is distributed widely in the Bay and Sound (chart 244) and is present in 
both the cool- and warm-water sublittoral formations. 
(38) THE SPYRIDIA ASSOCIATIONS. 
Spyridia filamentosa is very widely distributed in both Bay and Sound (chart 245); 
it is found on stones and shells, frequently over muddy bottoms, and on Zostera and 
larger alge, and was dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms (most plentiful in 4 to 10 fathoms). 
The species is a characteristic member of the warm-water sublittoral formation (8). 
