484 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
no algal life. The most important of these were around the following groups of stations: 
(7677, 7592); (7708, 7709, 7590); (7679, 7681, 7702); (7577) 7597, 7682, 7698, 7699, 
7700, 7727); (7573) 7574, 7695); (7569; 7579 7736). 
Proceeding eastward into the Sound from the entrance the most marked change in 
the algal life is the appearance of such species as Arthrocladia villosa, Chorda filum, 
Dictyosiphon hippuroides, Agardhiella tenera, Ceramium tenuissimum, Champia parvula, 
and Grinnellia americana. ‘These were not found in the deeper waters at the entrance of 
the Sound, but were all fairly abundant eastward, Agardhiella, Champia, and Grinnellia 
being very characteristic of the Sound flora from this point on. 
The most striking feature of the summer flora in the deeper waters at the entrance of 
Vineyard Sound is the presence in considerable quantity of certain species restricted 
wholly or almost wholly to the more open waters included in the survey. Prominent 
among these are Laminaria Agardhii var. vittata, Laminaria digitata, Delesseria sinuosa, 
Lomentaria rosea, Plumaria elegans, and Rhodymenia palmata. Considered as a whole, 
the flora at the westerly entrance of Vineyard Sound takes its chief interest from the 
presence of species peculiar to the cool-water sublittoral formation. 
The narrow portion of Vineyard Sound will now be described. This lies between 
the islands of Naushon and Marthas Vineyard and may be included between a line 
drawn from Kopeecan Point to the west end of Naushon (Robinsons Hole) and a line 
from West Chop to Nobska Point. The bottom is much more varied (see chart 227) 
than in the westerly portion of the Sound, which in the deeper waters is almost entirely 
hard sand. There are, however, some extensive areas of sand adjacent to similar 
regions in the westerly portion of the Sound, and the region between the Middle Ground 
and Marthas Vineyard is likewise sandy. A few stations (7554, 7564, and 7697) pre- 
sented a muddy bottom. All other stations comprising the greater part of the middle 
region of this portion of the Sound showed a bottom of gravel or gravel and stones. 
The general character of the bottom may be described as variegated, areas of gravel 
lying next to areas of sand or of large pebbles, the distribution of the sand being deter- 
mined in all probability largely by the varied flow and scouring of the tidal currents. 
The greatest depths were from 15 to 17 fathoms; the average depth about 10 fathoms. 
The following algze were found in the deeper waters of this, the narrowest portion 
of the Sound: 
Arthrocladia villosa, 7733 many; 39 and 7732, few. | Actinococcus subcutaneus, 7521bis and 7525bis, 
Chorda filum, 7542bis, 7551, 7557, and 7559, few. | many; 7522bis and 752sbis, few. 
Chordaria flagelliformis, 7524 and 7525, few. | Agardhiella tenera, 7s2sbis, many; 7533, 7533bis 
Cladostephus verticillatus, 7525bis, 7744, and7753,| 7535, 7536, 7537, 7549, 7541, 7541bis, 7542, 
few. | 7543bis, 7553, 7559, 7562, 7733» 7744, 775%) 7753) 
Desmarestia aculeata, 7739, few. | and 7754, few. 
Desmarestia viridis, 7525bis, many; 7522bis, | Ahnfeldtia plicata, 7524bis and 7525bis, few. 
7s24bis, 7543bis, and 7549 (1907), few. | Antithamnion cruciatum, 7543bis and 75sqbis, 
Ectocarpus siliculosis, 7525bis, few. | many; 7521bis, 7522bis, 7523bis, 7533bis, 7541bis, 
Laminaria Agardhii, 752sbis, many; 7524bis, 7732, 7744, and 7745, few. 
7532bis, 7533bis, 7536, 7541, 7557, 7732, 7739, | Callithamnion Baileyi, 7523, few. 
7740, and 7749, few. Callithamnion roseum, 7521bis, 7744, and 7754, few. 
Mesogloia divaricata, 7548, few. Ceramium fastigiatum, 7542 and 7548, few. 
Ralfsia clavata, 7524bis, few. Ceramium rubrum 7542, 7551, 7551 (1907), and 7557, 
Sargassum Filipendula, 7525bis, 7533bis, 7537,| many; 7524, 7525, 7541bis, 7548, 7554, 7559, 7560, 
7551, 7554) 7555» 7557» 7740 7742) 7744, 7749,|  756sbis, 7732, 7733, 7739) 7746, and 7749, few. 
and 7750, few. | Ceramium strictum, 7746, few. 
