CONTENTS. IX 



13. "Work accomplished in 1877— Continnod. Page. 



The cnrp — Continued. 



Introduction by Mr. Poppe into Sonoma, Cal *44 



The European tench *44 



Introduction by Mr. Hessel •witli tho carp *44 



Special peculiarities and value *44 



The golden Ide *44 



Introduction by Mr. Hessel *44 



The aea herring *44 



Importance as an article of food *44 



Peculiarities of its eggs *44 



Spawning habits of the fish *45 



Experiments at Nomans Land, by VinalN. Edwards *45 



Experiment in Germany by Dr. H.A.Meyer *45 



Special arrangements required for artificial hatching *45 



Variations in specific gravity of eggs of diflerent fishes ; some lighter, others heavier 



than water *46 



Comparison of eggs of California salmon and trout *46 



The European turbot and sole *46 



Great variety of food-fishes already in American waters *46 



Propriety of adding turbot and sole to the number '46 



Interest taken by Mr. J. G. Kidder, of Boston *46 



Employment of Mr. Mather to bring over a supply from England *47 



Assistance rendered by English gentlemen *47 



Difiiculties experienced in getting fish *47 



Assistance of Cunard Steamship Company *47 



Eish brought over and place of deposit *47 



Acknowledgments to the Treasury Department *48 



n.— APPENDIX TO EEPOET OF COMMISSIONER. 



APPENDIX A.— THE SEA-FISHERIES. 



Page. 

 I. G. Bro'wn Goode. A history of the menhaden. By G. Brown Goode, curator of United 

 States National Museum ; with an account of the ageicultural uses of fishes, by Prof. 



"W. O. Atwater, professor of chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn 



Section A. Introduction 1 



Section B. The names of the menhaden 6 



Section C. A description of the American species of Brevoortia, with anatomical and physio- 

 logical notes 19 



Section D. Geographical distribution, and the movements of the schools 35 



Section E. Abundance of the menhaden comparative and absolute 78 



Section F. Food of the menhaden 93 



Section G. Reproduction of the menhaden 95 



Section H. The enemies and fatalities of the menhaden 101 



Section I. The menhaden fisheries 113 



Supersection. Economical value and applications of the menhaden 135 



Section K. The menhaden as a source of food 135 



Section L. The menhaden as a bait-fish ...t. 141 



Section M. The manufacture of oil and guano 161 



Section N. Menhaden and other fish, and their products, as related to agriculture. By "W. 



O. Atwater. (See also Appendix 0) 194 



■ Appendix A. Circular relating to statistics of the menhaden fishery 268 



Appendix B. List of correspondents from whom contributions have been received 271 



Appendix C. Bibliography of literature relating to the menhaden 274 



Appendix D. Extracts from writings of ichthyologists relating to the menhaden 279 



Appendix E. Catalogue of specimens in the United States National Museum illustrating the 



history of the menhaden 289 



Appendix P. Tables of ocean temperature for certain points on the east coast of the United 



• States 291 



Appendix G. Table showing comparative amounts of menhaden, mackerel, shad, and ale- 

 wives inspected in the State of Massachusetts, 1804 to 1877 295 



Appendix H. List of manufacturers of menhaden oil and guano. Compiled by Mr. Jasper 



Pryer 296 



Appendix I. Partial list of vessels employed in the menhaden fishery 297 



Appendix K. Prices-current of menhaden oil and review of the markets (from the Oil, Paint, 



and Drug Reporter) 299 



