Xn CONTENTS. 



Page. 

 XIV. Charlea G. Atkins. Report on the collection, etc., op Schoodic salmon— Con- 

 tiuued. 



niustrationg. 

 Plan of the inclosures nsed at the Schoodic sahnon 'breeding estahlishment. Grand 



Lake Stream, 1877. Plate facingpage 846 



(Explanation on the back.) 

 STV. James W. ITIilaer. The peopagation and distribution of shad in 1877. By Jas. 



"W.Milner 847 



A. Station on the Susqnehanna Eiver near Havre de Grace, Md 847 



B. Station on the Connecticut Kiver at South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts 849 



C. Tables of shad propagation in 1877 850 



XVI. B. Eckhardt. The expeeimnts in efeopagating the maifisch (Alos a vulgaris), in 



1876 and 1877. By K. Eckhardt 853-863 



XVn. Fred Mather. The expekiment of transporting tuebot and sole from England 



to America. By Pred Mather 867-87 



XVm. Karl ITIobins. How can the cultivation of the oyster, especlally on the Ger- 

 man coast, be made permanently profitable. By Karl Mobius, translated from the 

 German by H. Jacobson 875-884 



APPENDIX C— MISCELLANEOUS. 



y IX . Ij. a. Beardslee. Experiment upon the time of exposure required for accurate 

 observations with the casella-miller deep-sea thermometer. By Commander L. 



A. Beardslee, United States Navy 887,900,901 



XX. John Oamgee. On Artificial refrigeration. By John Gamgee, London, England. 901 



A. Introduction 901 



B. Importance of fish-culture in Great Britain - 903 



C. Origin of knowledge of artificial cooling 903 



D. Definition of an ice-machine 906 



E. Types of ice-machines 907 



P. Thermodynamic laws 907 



G. On cryogens or cold-generating salts 908 



H. Special exaiaples of cryohydrates 910 



L Table of freezing-mixtures (Guthrie) 912 



J. Organic crystalloids in water 913 



X. Cryogen machines 914 



L. Chloride of calcium ice-machine 915 



M. Gases and their liquefaction 917 



K. On ammonia 922 



O. The progressive stages in ice-making inventions 925 



P. Air-machines ..... ......................................... 940 



Q. Gas ice-machines of new type 943 



H. Engines and pumps 944 



*K. Kefrigerators and condensers 948 



S. Thermo-glacial engine 950 



T. Dry cold air as a preservative 951 



IT. Does ice dry air 959 



V. Proposed improvement in freezing fish 959 



"W. Preservation of bait and fish 960 



X. Preservation of salmon, cod, halibut, &o 964 



Y. Dry cold without ice 967 



Z. The glaciarium 968 



Z.Z. On rendering sea- water potable 969 



Conclusion 972 



Ulustrationa. 



Ice-making machine, Perkins' specification, plate to fkcepage 926 



Carrie's apparatus, figure 933 



TeUier's British patent, plate to face page 936 



Sndlow's engine, Figure 1 . 946 



Sudlow's engine, Figure 2 947 



Sndlow's engine, Figure 3 948 



Gamgee's condenser and reMgerator, plate to face page 949 



