HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN MENHADEN. 415 



19. In warm water ; probably in tlie Gulf Stream. 



20. Friars, shrimp, and minnows. 



22. Think they mix indiscriminately. 



23. I never saw the water colored. 



26. I think they float in the water until hatched. 



28. Not abundant in this section. 



29. Yes. 



30. Sea-gulls and other birds ; besides sharks, dogfish and bluefish. 



31. Have noticed quantities of crabs in same seine with pogies. 



32. They suffer fearfully. 



33. Have noticed them lying dead on the shore. I suppose they were 

 carried up by shoal water or by sea-weed. 



34. Purse-net with small mesh. 



35. Various. Some 1,000 yards long and 6 fathoms deep. 



36. Steamers, schooners, and sloops. 



37. Ten to thirty. 



38. Morning. 



39. Flood. 



41. None in immediate vicinity. 



42. Mostly to oil factories. 



43. None ; one at Wood's Holl. 



47. From 30 to 50 cents per barrel. * 



48. One barrel, about. 

 50. One gallon. 



53. Until within a few years pogies were used by mackerel catchers 

 for bait, ground in bait-mill on board of vessel, and fed out to this class 

 of fish (mackerel) to raise them to surface of water. They are then 

 caught by hook and line. Within a few years oil factories have been 

 established, taking in a large territory, and carried on on a large scale 

 at the present time. 



54. Cities. 



56. Painting purposes. 



58. I should say they had not diminished. 



Menhaden, or pogies, as they aije commonly called in the Eastern 

 States, were found in unusually large quantities during the year 1874, 

 apparently an increase in their numbers. One steamer alone carried 

 into Linniken's Bay (near Booth Bay, Maine) nearly 25,000 barrels. 

 Taking into consideration the large number of vessels of various kinds 

 connected with the business, immense quantities of these fish must be 

 used up yearly, but still they come. 



27. Statement of William S. Allen, Nantucket^ Mass., January, 1875. 



1. Menhaden. 



2. Comparison small. 



3. No observable change. 



