HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN MENHADEN. 429 



17. October 15 to November 15. By degrees. 



18. Southerly. 



19. South of Hatteras. 



20. Vegetable sea- weed and a sort of white jelly which determine their 

 distance from the surface. They follow it. 



21. Ilcre in the spring and south in the winter. They spawn in and 

 near rivers. 



22. They mix promiscuously. 



24. Before and after the warmest weather ; in June, July, and October. 



25. At the bottom in river-grass. 



26. Float near the bottom. 



27. Soon after laid. 



28. Yes, in shoals, generally by themselves. Near the shore in the 

 fall. 



• 29. Yes. 



30. All larger fish. No. 



31. No. 



32. Greatly. 



33. No. 



34. Purse-nets, pounds, and seines. 



35. Average, 100 feet deep, 800 to 2,000 feet long. 



36. Boats of from 40 to 75 tons burden. 



37. Nine. 



38. All day and into the night. 



39. No great difference. 



40. Sometimes. 



41. Sixty boats, in all employing 240 men. 



42. Used for their oil ; the refuse is used for guano. They are also 

 used for bait. The oil is made at the factories along the coast. 



43. See No. 4. 



45. Probably twice or thrice the actual catch (see No. 4). 



46. Hydraulic presses, tanks, boilers, steam or hand power and run- 

 ning gear. Costly. 



48. One barrel. 



49. Forty gallons. 



50. A quart to the barrel. 



51. Four gallons. In the autumn. 



52. Yes. 



53. Commenced hereon a small scale thirty-five years ago j it is con- 

 stantly increasing. 



54. New York and Boston. 



55. South. 



56. Painting and to adulterate other oils. 



57. Forty cents per gallon at wholesale. Two years ago it was over 

 60 cents per gallon. 



68. No. 



