GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OP THE GADIDiE. 535 



Stream there is an Atlantic region of great depth, which is under the 

 influence of the cold arctic current from the Davis' Strait and the Greeu- 

 laud Sea. This cold current deflects the Gulf Stream toward the Euro- 

 pean coast, and a second southern region of the Gadidce is the result, 

 which extends to the southeast of the above region, from Nova Scotia 

 by the Azores to the Canaries and the Mediterranean and Black Seas. 

 Both of the extreme points, Newfoundland and Loffoden (distant 25° of 

 latitude one from the other), are poor in genera and species but very rich 

 in individuals.* In the middle region, extending from southern Spitz- 

 bergen, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands past the British Islands and 

 along the coast of France and Portugal to the Canaries, and especially 

 Madeira, the number of species and genera increases from the north 

 toward the south ; but the number and size of the individuals diminish 

 as the depth iu which they live increases, a clear indication that the 

 existence of these fish is dependent upon a particular temperature, for 

 there are none to be found in localities under the influence of the pre- 

 vailing arctic current or of the warm Gulf Stream. The northern region 

 borders upon Spitzbergen, New Siberia, Parry Islands, and Greenland 

 in the north, and upon Iceland, the Faroes, Southern Scandinavia, 

 Russia, Siberia, the regions about Hudson's Bay, Canada, and New- 

 foundland on the south, comprising thus the whole Arctic Ocean and 

 extending in a west-east direction 1,800 miles. It contains the follow- 

 ing genera and species: Gadus morrhua-callarias, ccglefinus, virens, 

 merlangus, luscus, nanus, saida, navaga, minutiis, Fahricii; Merlucius 

 communis, argentatus ; Molva vulgaris; Motella tricirrata; Brosmius 

 vulgaris, flavescens, Coucliia argentata; Loia vulgaris; that is, 7 genera 

 with 18 species, in the average 3 species for every genus. 



The Southern region is bounded by Nova Scotia, the Eastern coast of 

 North America to Cape Hatteras, the Bermudas, the Azores, Canaries, 

 the Mediterranean and the Black Seas, the coast of Portugal and France, 

 the North and Baltic Seas, Southern Scandinavia, the Faroes and 

 Southern Iceland back to the northern coast of Nova Scotia; thus it 

 comprises the North Atlantic Ocean. The extent from the east coast of 

 North America to the Black Sea is 1,245 miles. It contains the following 

 genera and species : Gadus morrhua-callarias, wglejinus, virens, Esmarlcii, 

 merlangus, luscus, nanus, minutus, pollacJiius, poutassou, euxinus, tomcodus; 

 Gadiculus hlennioides, argentens ; Hypsiptera argentea; Merlucius com- 

 munis, argentatus ; Molva vulgaris, ahyssorum, elongata ; Motella tri- 

 cirrata, quinquecirrata, maculata, cimhria ; Brosmius vulgaris ; Baniceps 

 trifurcatus ; Concilia Edwardii, glauca, argentata ; Lota vulgaris; Mora 

 mediterranea ; Chiasmodus niger ; Halargyreus Jolmsonii ; Strinsia tinea ; 

 Pliysiculus JDalwigliii ; Uralcptus Maraldi ; Lwmonema Yarellii, rohustum ; 

 Haloporpliyrus lepidion ; Fhycis hlennioides, mediterranea, regalis, ameri- 



* Newfoundland has many genera and species of gadoids. 



